VII. Make up your own sentences using the words from the vocabulary of the text.
VIII. Retell the information of the text. Architectural drawing
The Concertgebouw (concert hall) in Amsterdam, by Adolf Leonard van Gendt, illustration published 1888.
I. Read and translate the text using the words given below.
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture. Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to enable a building contractor to construct it, as a record of the completed work, and to make a record of a building that already exists.
Architectural drawings are drawn according to a set of conventions, which include particular views (floor plan, section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotation and cross referencing. Conventionally, drawings were made in ink on paper or a similar material, and any copies required had to be laboriously made by hand. The twentieth century saw a shift to drawing on tracing paper, so that mechanical copies could be run off efficiently.
The development of the computer had a major impact on the methods used to design and create technical drawings, making manual draughting almost obsolete, and opening up new possibilities of form using organic shapes and complex geometry. Today the vast majority of drawings are created using CAD software.
II. Learn the vocabulary to the text:
Architectural drawing – архитектурный рисунок, чертёж
Sheet size – формат бумаги, размер листа
Cross referencing – перекрёстная ссылка
Tracing paper – чертёжная калька
Manual draughting – ручное выполнение эскиза
III. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
Технический рисунок, определение архитектуры, убедить клиентов в преимуществах дизайна, завершённая работа, в соответствии с, единица измерения, чернила, похожий материал, вручную, оказать влияние, создавать технические рисунки, открывать новые возможности.
IV. Give the Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
Building project, number of purposes, design idea, to enable a building contractor to construct a building, to make a record of a building, particular view, annotation, conventionally, shift to drawing, organic shape, CAD software.
V. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:
What is an architectural drawing?
What are the architectural drawings used for?
How are architectural drawings drawn?
At first, drawings were made in ink, weren’t they?
How are architectural drawings created now?
VI. Write the correct pronouns for these sentences.
1. ... telephoned yesterday, (she) She telephoned yesterday.
2. We watched ... for hours, (he) We watched him for hours.
3. Hasn't... arrived yet? (she)
4. ... don't understand. (I)
5. Are you talking to... ? (I)
6. Don't ask ... : ... doesn't know, (she/she)
7. This is Julia: ... have known ... for years, (we/she)
8. Nobody told ... the bus was leaving, (they)
9. Why didn't... ask ... to come? (she/they)
10. Don't ask ...: ask... . (I/he)
11. ... think ... doesn't like .... (I/he/I)
12. ... asked ... to invite .... (they/he/we)