- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Analyze the following text. Say how many words and lexemes it contains:
- •Analyze the functions of the italicized words in the following texts:
- •Seminar II General Survey of the English Vocabulary
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. From the words given below pick out the archaic words and comment on their usage and meaning:
- •IV. Give modern English equivalents of the following archaic words; classify them into lexical and grammatical archaisms; translate them into Russian:
- •V. Group the following neologisms according to the way of their formation; translate them into Russian:
- •VI. Point out informal (slang or colloquial) or formal words from the following extracts. Write them out into three columns and give your reasons:
- •VII. In the following verse, find the words belonging to the poetic diction:
- •VIII. From the following extract, pick out archaisms, give their modern English equivalents:
- •IX. Pick out 20-25 literary learned words from the book on your home-reading. Seminar III Etymological Characteristics of Modern English Vocabulary
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •Seminar IV Morphological Structure of English Words and Affixation
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •Seminar V Conversion
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Find examples of conversion in the following sentences, analyze the converted words according to the scheme:
- •III. Comment on the form and meaning of the following converted words, translate them into Russian:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into English, use words from the previous exercise:
- •Seminar VI word-composition
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Discriminate between compound words and free phrases:
- •III. Classify the compounds according to the meaning of their first component, state whether it denotes time, place, purpose, cause, property, etc.; translate them into Russian:
- •IV. Classify the compounds into motivated, partially motivated and idiomatic, translate them into Russian:
- •V. Analyze the following compounds according to the scheme:
- •Seminar VII Shortening and Secondary Ways of Word-Building
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •Seminar VIII Semantic Structure of English Words
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. For each example, say whether the result of the semantic shift is narrowing, widening, degeneration or amelioration.
- •III. Identify the type of semantic shift that has occurred in each case, choose either metaphor or metonymy:
- •Seminar IX Homonyms and Paronyms
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Give perfect homonyms to the following words:
- •III. Find homophones to the following words, translate them into Russian or explain their meanings in English:
- •IV. Find homographs to the following words and transcribe both:
- •Seminar X Synonyms and Antonyms
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •IX. Give antonyms to the following words. Say whether they are derivational or absolute:
- •X. Classify the following antonyms according to their meaning into contradictory and contrary:
- •Seminar XI Word-Groups and Phraseological Units
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Analyze the semantic structure of the phraseological units, give Russian equivalents:
- •III. Give English equivalents of the following Russian phraseological units, explain their meaning:
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. State which of the following words are used in America and which in England:
- •III. Translate the following words into English giving two variants – British and American:
- •IV. Point out words which have different meaning in BrE and AmE and those which have the same meaning in BrE and AmE but which have acquired an additional specific meaning in AmE:
- •Seminar XIII Lexicography
- •Questions and Tasks
- •The scheme of lexicological analysis
- •Examination questions
- •Bibliography
Seminar V Conversion
I. Definition of conversion: a) different approaches to the phenomenon of conversion; b) conversion and convergence; c) semantic development of the resultant word.
II. Types of conversion. Adjectivization and substantivation.
III. Semantic relations in converted words. Criteria of semantic derivation.
Questions and Tasks
I. Consider your answers to the following:
1.What is conversion? What is its difference from other types of word-building?
2. What are the debatable points concerning conversion?
3. What features of Modern English encourage a high productivity of conversion?
4. What are the most frequent types of conversion?
5. What semantic relations do we find in N – V, V – N, A – V types of conversion?
6. What type of conversion has a richer variety of meanings?
7. What are the criteria of semantic derivation?
8. What is the difference between conversion and convergence?
9. What is understood by the “stone wall” problem?
10. Describe the development of polysemy of the converted word.
II. Find examples of conversion in the following sentences, analyze the converted words according to the scheme:
1. The type of conversion
2. The category of the underlying word
3. Semantic relation between the original word and the resultant one
4. Productivity
e.g. The verb “to table” is formed from the noun “table” by means of conversion N – V. The noun denotes a concrete object, a place, the verb denotes an action performed to get to this place (locative meaning). This type is highly productive.
1. It was Robert Ackley, this guy that roomed right next to me. 2. Don’t go out into the cold without a coat! 3. The King commissioned an artist to paint a portrait of the Queen. 4. He used to lavish kindness and money on his friends. 5. The election results mirror the public opinion quite well. 6. Sir George was knighted by the Queen in 1981. 7. I don’t want to hear a peep out of you. 8. “Peg the clothes out on the line to dry”, she said. 9. You can take a grant to improve your house. 10. They booted him out for being drunk at work.
III. Comment on the form and meaning of the following converted words, translate them into Russian:
Snow-ball – to snow-ball, ape – to ape, dog – to dog, duck – to duck, to pull – pull, back – to back, finger – to finger, shoulder – to shoulder, to hunt - hunt, dress – to dress, pocket – to pocket, to boost – boost, to stand – a stand, empty – to empty, monkey – to monkey, rat – to rat, wolf – to wolf, to like / to dislike – likes / dislikes, blood – to blood, face – to face, collar – to collar, packet – to packet, wing – to wing, poor – the poor, anger – to anger.
IV. Translate the following sentences into English, use words from the previous exercise:
1. Эта история постепенно переросла в легенду. 2. Вору не удалось убежать, так как прохожий схватил его за шиворот и отвел в полицию. 3. Эффективные меры правительства должны стимулировать экономику. 4. У нее очень определенный вкус (свои симпатии и антипатии). 5. Его долгие поиски этой редкой книги не привели ни к чему. 6. Покупатель положил деньги в карман, продукты – в пакет и спокойно вышел из магазина. 7. Столкнувшись лицом к лицу со старым знакомым в чужом для нее городе, она очень обрадовалась. 8. Зная, что если она без разрешения пойдет гулять, то это разозлит маму, она осталась дома. 9. Давайте пойдем на стадион и поддержим нашу любимую команду! 10. Маленькие дети копируют поведение и речь взрослых.