- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Analyze the following text. Say how many words and lexemes it contains:
- •Analyze the functions of the italicized words in the following texts:
- •Seminar II General Survey of the English Vocabulary
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. From the words given below pick out the archaic words and comment on their usage and meaning:
- •IV. Give modern English equivalents of the following archaic words; classify them into lexical and grammatical archaisms; translate them into Russian:
- •V. Group the following neologisms according to the way of their formation; translate them into Russian:
- •VI. Point out informal (slang or colloquial) or formal words from the following extracts. Write them out into three columns and give your reasons:
- •VII. In the following verse, find the words belonging to the poetic diction:
- •VIII. From the following extract, pick out archaisms, give their modern English equivalents:
- •IX. Pick out 20-25 literary learned words from the book on your home-reading. Seminar III Etymological Characteristics of Modern English Vocabulary
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •Seminar IV Morphological Structure of English Words and Affixation
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •Seminar V Conversion
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Find examples of conversion in the following sentences, analyze the converted words according to the scheme:
- •III. Comment on the form and meaning of the following converted words, translate them into Russian:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into English, use words from the previous exercise:
- •Seminar VI word-composition
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Discriminate between compound words and free phrases:
- •III. Classify the compounds according to the meaning of their first component, state whether it denotes time, place, purpose, cause, property, etc.; translate them into Russian:
- •IV. Classify the compounds into motivated, partially motivated and idiomatic, translate them into Russian:
- •V. Analyze the following compounds according to the scheme:
- •Seminar VII Shortening and Secondary Ways of Word-Building
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •Seminar VIII Semantic Structure of English Words
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. For each example, say whether the result of the semantic shift is narrowing, widening, degeneration or amelioration.
- •III. Identify the type of semantic shift that has occurred in each case, choose either metaphor or metonymy:
- •Seminar IX Homonyms and Paronyms
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Give perfect homonyms to the following words:
- •III. Find homophones to the following words, translate them into Russian or explain their meanings in English:
- •IV. Find homographs to the following words and transcribe both:
- •Seminar X Synonyms and Antonyms
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •IX. Give antonyms to the following words. Say whether they are derivational or absolute:
- •X. Classify the following antonyms according to their meaning into contradictory and contrary:
- •Seminar XI Word-Groups and Phraseological Units
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. Analyze the semantic structure of the phraseological units, give Russian equivalents:
- •III. Give English equivalents of the following Russian phraseological units, explain their meaning:
- •Questions and Tasks
- •I. Consider your answers to the following:
- •II. State which of the following words are used in America and which in England:
- •III. Translate the following words into English giving two variants – British and American:
- •IV. Point out words which have different meaning in BrE and AmE and those which have the same meaning in BrE and AmE but which have acquired an additional specific meaning in AmE:
- •Seminar XIII Lexicography
- •Questions and Tasks
- •The scheme of lexicological analysis
- •Examination questions
- •Bibliography
Seminar IV Morphological Structure of English Words and Affixation
I. Structural elements of English words: a) types of morphemes; b) morphological types of words.
II. Principles of morphemic and derivational analysis.
III. Affixation: a) degrees of affixation; b) differences between suffixation and prefixation.
IV. Classification of prefixes.
V. Classification of suffixes.
VI. Synonymy, polysemy and homonymy of affixes.
Questions and Tasks
I. Consider your answers to the following:
What is a morpheme? What is an allomorph?
What is the difference between derivational and functional affixes?
What are free, bound and semi-bound (semi-free) morphemes?
What is the difference between a stem and a root?
What is understood by the radical element?
Into what groups are English words classified according to their morphological structure?
What does the analysis into immediate constituents (IC) consist in?
What elements in the morphological structure of English words make the morphemic analysis difficult?
What is the derivational analysis?
What is the difference between the morphemic analysis and the derivational one?
11. Explain the term “derivation”. What is the degree of derivation?
12. What are derived words?
13. Reveal the differences between suffixes and prefixes.
14. What groups can suffixes be classified into?
15. What groups can prefixes be classified into?
16. What is the difference between productivity of an affix and its frequency?
17. What is meant by valency of an affix?
18. Which affixes are called synonymous?
19. What is meant by polysemy of affixes?
20. What is the difference between polysemantic and homonymous affixes?
II. Analyze the following words into immediate and ultimate constituents. Indicate which morphemes are inflectional and which are derivational.
Mistreatment; friendly-looking; confident; disturbance; forgetter; psychology; airsickness; terrorized; uncivilized; lukewarm; identical.
III. Say how many morphemes each word contains. Define the type (free or bound) of each morpheme:
Student; stupidity; unfair; excellent; sleeping; sunfish; unemployed; deform; unreliable; trial; disinfectant; bluebell; husband; island; overpowering; paper; black-hearted; ugly; sandwich; crinkly.
IV. Identify roots in the following words:
Beggarly; dragged; impossible; hopefully; thumbtack; unassuming; redness; racketeers; cloudiness; exceptionally; deactivated.
V. Define the character of the stem in each word (simple, derived, compound):
Integrity; gossip; delusion; to parrot; policeman; agreeable; man-pleaser; successful; reasonably; barrister; motion.
VI. Form adjectives from the following nouns:
Blood, brother, earth, fashion, heaven, home, milk, mother, night, water, woman, man, book, time, month, body, mist, hand, life, room, war.
VII. Explain the difference between the meanings of the following words produced from the same root by means of different affixes:
Tall - tallish, exciting – excited, manly – mannish, skilful – skilled, seasonable - seasonal, respected – respectful – respectable, trustful – trusting – trusty, exhaustive – exhausting – exhausted, bored – boring, touchy – touched – touching, gold - golden.
VIII. Form words with negative meaning, using the prefixes in-, un-, dis-, de-, -ir-, -il, -im:
Credible, ability, able, patient, accessible, literate, action, dispensable, admissible, expected, comprehensible, liberal, to tie, eatable, permanent, to bind, to charge, to obey, relevant, to organize, to mobilize, to bolt, rational, just, justice.
IX. Do the following words have analogous morphemic structure?
implant, impossible, important
matter, finger, chatter, smaller, summer, neither, pointer
reads, tables, yours, means, physics
painting, earring, darling, morning
perfectly, holy, lily, only, lonely
discuss, distaff, dissolve, distance
ragged, cooked, embarrassed
industry, insist, insane, income, instance
copy, sandy, candy, casualty, Bobby
lakelet, hamlet, toothlet