Structure and vocabulary aid
For example, For instance, |
… |
shown exemplified illustrated |
by |
… |
X
|
shows exemplifies illustrates |
this |
the following examples, the following are examples of X: |
a and b |
a and b are examples of X |
|
The following is a case in point: |
… |
… |
is a case in point. |
writers such such writers |
as |
Dickens and Hardy |
… |
A wide variety of |
… |
among them |
… |
Note the difference between the following abbreviations which are sometimes confused: e.g. = for example i.e. = that is (to say); in other words: e.g. males i.e. men and boys … viz. = namely; it is/they are: e.g. There are four language skills, viz. listening, speaking, reading and writing When using ‘such as’ (or the alternative forms) be careful to give only examples and not the complete set, group or list. For example, if we agree that there are four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing) then the following sentence would be wrong. The language skills, for example listening, speaking, reading, writing, need to be practised. WRONG |
Task 4. [individually]
C
hoose
any branch of psychology you are interested in and write what this
branch is devoted to and why you would like to specialize in it. To
perform this task you may want to reread Unit texts and use any
other material on the topic. Your mini-essay should consist of 2-3
paragraphs and be 250-300 words long.
Exchange papers with another student. Evaluate the paper you have received against the criteria offered in the PEER EDITING CHECKLIST below. Put down your comments and suggestions in the corresponding column of the chart.
[individually, then in pairs] Exchange your papers back. Consider the comments and suggestions your partner has made on your mini-essay. If anything is not clear or there are some points you disagree with, ask your partner for clarification of /justification for the content of his/her comments.
[individually] Modify your paper, if you think it might benefit from being revised in accordance with certain suggestions made by your partner.
PEER EDITING CHECKLIST
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Peer Editor’s Comments and Suggestions |
General |
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1. What do you like best about the paragraphs of the mini-essay?
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Organization and Content |
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2. Topic sentences: Is there a topic sentence with a clear controlling idea in each paragraph?
3. Supporting sentences: Is the main idea of each paragraph clear? Does the writer need to add more details to explain it?
4. Concluding sentence: Is there a concluding sentence in each paragraph? Is it appropriate?
5. Unity: Do all of the sentences support the topic sentence in each paragraph?
6. Coherence: Do the sentences flow smoothly? Are there any inconsistent pronouns? Does the information structure of the sentences contribute to paragraph coherence? Is the use of discourse markers appropriate?
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Sentence Structure |
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7. Are there any unclear sentences? Can you suggest a way to improve them?
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Grammar and Spelling |
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8. Are there any errors in grammar and spelling?
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