Vocabulary practice

Exercise 1.

Match the words and phrases from the Core Vocabulary list with their proper translation.

1. pass a law	a) применять, использовать закон
2. enact a law	b) предоставить право, уполномочить
3. apply a law	c) предоставить полномочия
4. enforce a law	d) по закону, в соответствии с законом
5. provisions of law	e) принять закон
6. section of law	f) действующее законодательство
7. to enable	g) раздел закона
8. to authorize	h) узаконить, давать возможность, право ч-л сделать
9. to entitle	i) положения закона
10. law in effect	j) ввести закон в действие
11. under the legislation	k) обеспечивать применение закона; принудительно применять

Exercise 2

Complete the following statements with the proper words or phrases from the above given exercise.

1. When there is a necessity to regulate some business activities the legislators ……. a special law.

2. After the legislators ……. a law protecting or prohibiting certain acts the business entities must follow every …………. of such law.

3. Certain government bodies are …………. to regulate the business activity.

4. The ……….. will ……….. the authorities to verify the legality of certain acts performed by business entities.

5. When the law has been breached by a person or organization the courts ……. the related law in order to rule the case.

6. Under ………… the authorities can ………… law and prosecute those who breach the law.

7. The law ………. Any person or entity to file a suit against the lawbreaker.

8. Lawyers have to know which …………. provides the necessary information.

Exercise 3

Decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

1. Mergers, especially transnational mergers, must be strictly regulated by laws.

2. Mergers, acquisitions and even joint ventures can lead to monopolization of the market if these transactions are not regulated by effective antitrust legislation.

3. The enacted antitrust laws must contain provisions which ensure fair competition and prevent anticompetitive behavior of certain business entities.

4. The antitrust laws authorize certain government bodies to control the business activity on the market.

5. The antitrust authorities are given the right to make lawbreaking persons or organizations observe law.

6. Under the antitrust legislation anyone is entitled to prosecute the entity that attempts to monopolize the market, or bring a lawsuit against such lawbreaker.

Exercise 4

Match the words meaning certain unlawful activities with their definitions

1. contract	a) an act that limits one’s freedom
2. combination	b) unjust methods or methods contrary to laws or conventions
3. conspiracy [kəns’pairəsi]	c) acts that make or cause someone to believe what is not true
4. restraint	d) to lead into a mistaken action or belief : to cause to have a false impression intransitive verb : to create a false impression; deceive
5. monopolization	e) dishonest act; based on a lie or fraud
6. discrimination	f) complete control over smth (market) so that others cannot share it; domination over others;
7. unfair methods	g) an alliance, a monopolistic alliance
8. deceptive practices	h) the denial of equal opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups on some reasons
9. anticompetitive practices	i) an agreement between two or more people to commit an act prohibited by law or to commit a lawful act by means prohibited by law
10. fraudulent act	j) agreement between two or more parties
11. mislead a person	k) acts that disturb fair competition
12. injure a person	l) to interfere with the legally protected interest of another or to cause physical, emotional or moral harm to someone.

Topic development

Exercise 5

Fill out the chart with the proper provisions of the Antitrust Laws. Use the verbs:

prohibit; protect; concern; deal with; enable; authorize;

One task is done for you

Sherman Act	Clayton Act	Robinson-Patman Act	FTC Act
	Prohibits supplier’s restraints. Concerns (prohibits) acquisitions and mergers that may substantially lessen the competition. Enables anyone to bring a civil lawsuit against an allegedly violating party.

Exercise 6

A) Read the following situations and decide whether there is any Antitrust Law violation in each case.

Answer pattern