Translate the sentences using one of the definitions:

HISTORICALLY

1. Исторически

2. Традиционно, по традиции; 3. Всегда; 4. В прошлом; 5. Первоначально, впервые.

Furthermore, plated-through holes are the historically weak link in the considering operation.

Historically, processors ate tested in the field with diagnostic programs.

Since satellites historically have been power limited …

Historically this experiment was manually operated with the data recorded on a printer.

Unit 20

Read and translate the text:

Text

Communication

Communication is a form of human interaction. People cannot maintain normal life, share experience, work-related and everyday skills without communicating with, and influencing one another. Communication enables people to form a view of the world, reach mutual understanding and find a “common language”. However, it is also an exchange of actions, acts, thoughts and emotions with others, as well as drawing on one’s own inner world – memories, consciousness and aspirations. The “secret” of communication lies in one’s desire and ability to live with other people in harmony and in an atmosphere of good will, generously sharing with them the riches of one’s own heart.

Communication is a combination of education and self-education in which people influence one another without didacticism or moralizing. This makes the issue of the moral content and cultural forms of communication very important.

Genuine human communication is a form of creative activity that helps bring out one’s best qualities. Communication is based on respect for the dignity of others, for basic universal moral standards.

The spoken word is the most meaningful, embracing and expressive means of communication. An ability to talk, listen and converse is an essential condition for mutual understanding and a means checking on the truth or error of one’s own views and ideas.

What might be called the “mute language” of communication of emotions has in its arsenal the look and the gesture that may be warm or offensive, nice or vulgar, covering sympathy or antipathy, while posture, manner in conversation, etc., are also a measure of civilization and breeding. The manner and means of communication have an ethical, humanistic meaning in that they indicate the extent to which one is able to put oneself in place of another. Formation and development of the need for communication is a major task of moral education. It is also a guarantee of proper orientation in the evolution of socialibility, of the standards of communication itself.

Grammar Review

1. Translate the sentences:

1. Having established interaction between these phenomena they started to describe it.

2. He received interesting results, his speculation being based on logical analysis.

3. They knew of his having received a good knowledge of social sciences.

4. They couldn’t help verifying his theory of theoretical paradigms.

5. Understanding his starting point is quite necessary.

6. Religion based on ignorance is an unscientific world outlook.

7. Recognizing his position true he used his method of analysis in his work.

8. Having received the necessary data he published the results of his work.

2. Translate into English:

1. В докладе рассматривается один из важнейших вопросов современной тенденции развития искусства.

2. В рецензии обращается внимание на тезис, описывающий этой подход ученого.

3. В научной работе описывается начальный этап исследования.

4. В рецензируемых статьях иллюстрируются все положения, касающиеся использования научного подхода.

5. В аннотации последовательно перечислялись основные тезисы научной статьи.

6. На научной конференции были сделаны интересные сообщения относительно исследуемой темы.

Phrasal Verbs

GO

Go about взяться за; бродить, ходить

Go after искать; находить удовольствие

Go against противоречить

Go ahead продолжать(ся); давай!

Get along (with) идти с кем-то; согласиться с ; сопровождать

Get at бросаться на кого-то; энергично браться за что-то

Get away уходить, уехать

Get back возвращаться; нарушить (обещание)

Get by добираться чем-либо

Get down спускаться; затонуть; садиться (о солнце)

Get far into продолжаться долго

Get in входить; участвовать

Get in for принимать участие, увлекаться

Get for идти; выбирать; наброситься на

Get forth быть опубликованным; участвовать в

Get into войти; расследовать, вдаваться в детали

Get off уходить, испортиться, выстрелить; звонить; выключаться; терять сознание

Get on продолжаться

Get out выйти, погаснуть

Get over пересматривать; повторять

Get round вращаться; запросто прийти в гости

Get through разобрать; проехать; просмотреть

Get together гармонировать

Get under тонуть; исчезать; разоряться; не выдержать испытаний

Get up подниматься; повышаться

Get with сопровождать; сочетаться

Get without обходиться

Make up the sentences of your own using the verbs.

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