A Slender Chance

No one could create life in the laboratory. The possibility is vanishingly small that a viable organism can e compounded. Yet that slender chance continues to intrigue some experimenters and occasionally progress is reported. Foe example, a particularly dramatic experiment was described by Miller. He circulated a sterile mixture of a few substances through an electric spark. At the beginning of the experiment the mixture was crystal clear. Within twenty-four hours the condensed liquid turned noticeably pink and after a week it became slightly viscid. Miller had not compounded these substances by controlled chemical synthesis. He merely established a physical environment that favoured their spontaneous generation.

As such experimentation continues there is a minute but growing probability that a structure will eventually appear that feeds on the nutrients in its surroundings and reproduces itself. However improbable the event in a single trial, it becomes increasingly probable as the trials are multiplied. Eventually the event becomes virtually inevitable.

Grammar Review

Eventual – возможный 2. Окончательный, конечный

Eventually – в конечном счете. в результате, в итоге

I. Translate into Russian:

1. He eventually got better.

2. None of these patients eventually developed problems.

3. The final stage of investigation has been eventually reached.

4. The eventual response to the treatment is not as good as might be expected.

5. It will be eventually accepted as an important natural form of check-up.

II. Give Russian equivalents:

1. His conclusion founded on the latest statistical data was quite right.

2. They couldn’t agree with his point of view expressed so illogically.

3. The developing science raises more and more important questions for the further discussion.

4. To watch the changing world is rather interesting.

5. Observations being made with the help of special techniques gave different results.

6. When being studied from all the aspects, the event becomes understandable.

7. While criticizing the previous theories, he tries to understand their relationships.

8. Conducting this research he came across some interesting phenomenon.

9. The data being discussed at the seminar are of particular importance.

Phrasal Verbs

PASS

Pass as слыть

Pass away скончаться

Pass by проходить, проезжать

Pass for слыть

Pass on передавать

Pass out терять сознание

Pass over обходить, обойти молчанием

Pass round передать

Pass Up подать, пропустит

Make up the sentences of your own using the verbs.

Unit 13

Read and translate the text:

Text

Some Thoughts on Creativity

Any individual can acquire the tools of a trade. As he learns to use these tools he becomes technically competent.

The ability to create exists in every individual in varying degree and according to inclination. The domains where one may exert his effort are sufficiently varied to offer each individual an opportunity to exhibit originality. The growth of mental potentialities through experimentation with the creative process broadens the individual’s capacity of original contribution.

The techniques previously studied in this book are auxiliary tools. To employ these tools successfully requires not only creative ability but also an environment conducive to the generation and development of new ideas. It is generally understood that severe regimentation stifles creative talent This, of course, is not to say that there should be no goals, no objectives. Goals and objectives are sometimes necessary to express the creativity. When they are not apparent, they are intrinsically present. However, new fields of knowledge are frequently opened and explored as a result of the revolt of creative individuals against regimentation. One need not labour this point in order to arrive at the conclusion that even in fields of practical endeavor a compromise is required to provide an atmosphere sympathetic to both applied and basic research. Today both government and industry have become acutely aware of such a need and here and there have set out to create an atmosphere conducive to the generation of ideas.

Grammar Review

Remember

It is … that (which, who, when, where)

To do + verb

Give Russian equivalents:

1. It is this study of the nervous system that requires a number of such techniques.

2. It is during cellular division that DNA is reproduced.

3. It was with the help of metallic salts that it was possible to study certain tissue.

4. It is this text which presents an integrated approach to the traditional diagnostic methods.

5. It is from a plant that aspirin got its name (spirea plant).

6. The work does provide a source of information on these two relatively new methods.

7. The finding that this substance does have a great effect was significant.

8. Few fibres do contain fat cells.

1. Give English equivalents:

1. Я хочу, чтобы проверили эту гипотезу.

2. Мы хотели бы, чтобы результаты огласили.

3. Хотелось бы, чтобы оценили достоинства работы.

4. Я хочу, чтобы понаблюдали за реакцией.

5. Ему хотелось бы, чтобы факты были установлены вовремя.

6. Хотелось бы, чтобы метод был проверен немедленно.

7. Мы хотели, чтобы курс завершили.

BACKGROUND

1. Фон, задний план;

2. Данные, исходные данные; основа база, факты

3. происхождение, история вопроса

4. сведения, состав, аспект

5. в контексте, учитывая

6. квалификация, образование

7. стаж

III. Translate the sentences paying attention to the word “pattern”:

1. The background levels were the same.

2. The two diseases have common etiologic background.

3. The background of these phenomena remained unresolved until the latter part of the 1970s.

4. This term has many meanings depending on the background and expertise.

5. This review will attempt to evaluate critically the most recent information and, against the background of what is already known, outline the current role of this phenomenon.

6. The present study was aimed to form a background for future studies with mutant animals.

Unit 14

Read and translate the text:

Text