Scientific Progress

Scientific progress has been two-dimensional. First, the range of questions and problems to which science has been applied has been continuously extended. Second, science has continuously increased the efficiency with which inquiry can be conducted. The products of scientific inquiry then are: 1. a body of information and knowledge which enabled us better to control the environment in which we live and 2. a body of procedures which enables us better to this body of information and knowledge.

Science both informs and instructs! The body of information generated by science and the knowledge of how to use it are two products of science. As already indicated, we will not be concerned here with the body of information and knowledge which it has generated: that is not with the specific theories, laws, and facts that have been developed in the various physical, life, and behavioral science. Instead we will be concerned with the procedures by which science generates this body of knowledge, the process of inquiry.

Grammar Review

Expressions to remember:

Full-length paper

Academic address

Roman numerals

To number consecutively

By request

In italics

Editorial communications

Running title

Title page

1. Give Russian equivalents:

1. The public opinion poll conducted on the basis of the latest methods gave positive results.

2. The discovery made and the data obtained were published in “Science News”.

3. The new achievement made in this field of science is of certain value.

4. The statement made concerned a new way of investigating.

5. The given interaction is a result of close communication.

6. He spoke of the results obtained, conclusions made and future plans taken.

7. The realized plans were connected with the experiments carried in the experimental laboratory.

8. The analysis of the poll conducted at the plant seemed rather fruitful.

2. Translate into English:

1. Ученые узнают о структуре клеток, так как проводят много научных исследований.

2. По мере того как ученые изучают свойства клеток, они решают важные проблемы.

3. Благодаря журналам ученые в курсе новых достижений.

4. Этот обзор охватывает достижения, полученные как российскими, так и иностранными биологами.

5. В данной статье дается описание применяемых методов.

6. Статья, написанная для биохимиков, представляет также интерес и для врачей.

7. В последние годы стало возможным применять новые методы лечения, предложенные нашими исследователями.

8. Психологи применяют новый метод в качестве комплексного лечения этого расстройства.

“Translator’s false friends”

Translate the sentences using one of the definitions:

Intimately

1.тесно; 2. непосредственно; 3. тщательно, глубоко; 4. равномерно

It is shown that linear prediction is intimately related to a basic speech synthesis model introduced in chapter 3.

We consider these loci to intimately relate to turbulent separation.

Besides the window effect which is intimately tied to signal processing…

This requires an intimately understanding of the plastic behavior of materials and the implementation of sophisticated theories.

The characteristics of the noise depend intimately on the type of sensor.

… to become intimately mixed with the stack effect.

Unit 12

Read and translate the text:

Text