1. Translate into Ukrainian.

A screw machine is a metalworking machine tool used in the high-volume manufacture of turned components. Screw machines are fundamentally a type of lathe that is specialized for the automated production of small parts.

Speaking with reference to the normal definition of the term screw machine, all screw machines are fully automated, whether mechanically (via cams) or by CNC (computerized control), which means that once they are set up and started running, they continue running and producing parts with very little human intervention. This has been true since the 1870s. Mechanical automation came first, beginning in the 1870s; computerized control (via first NC and then CNC) came later, beginning in the 1950s.

Screw machines are typically used for high-volume, low-cost turned parts. Feed stock for a screw machine is a long cylindrical rod of material. The screw machine automatically turns/faces the part, parts it off, and advances the rod for the next part. A screw machine is illustrated below.

Fig. 8 Screw Machine

2. Translate into English.

Токарно-гвинторізний верстат — один із типів верстатів токарної групи, які призначені для виконання різноманітних токарних робіт, а також для нарізування метричних, дюймових, модульних, пітчевих і торцевих різьбь.

Верстати як правило мають високу жорсткість, достатню потужність, високі частоти обертання шпинделя, і це дозволяє обробляти деталі на підвищених режимах різання. При обробці складних криволінійних поверхонь на верстатах можна застосовувати гідрокопіювальний супорт, що автоматизує процес обробки. При обробці отворів задня бабка за допомогою спеціального замка може з'єднуватися із супортом і одержувати механічну подачу. У фартуху є пружинна муфта, що дозволяє обробляти деталі за упором, що також автоматизує процес обробки.

milling machine

1. Translate into Ukrainian.

A milling machine (also see synonyms below) is a machine tool used to machine solid materials. Milling machines are often classed in two basic forms, horizontal and vertical, which refers to the orientation of the main spindle. Both types range in size from small, bench-mounted devices to room-sized machines. Unlike a drill press, which holds the workpiece stationary as the drill moves axially to penetrate the material, milling machines also move the workpiece radially against the rotating milling cutter, which cuts on its sides as well as its tip. Workpiece and cutter movement are precisely controlled to less than 0.001 in (0.025 mm), usually by means of precision ground slides and leadscrews or analogous technology. Milling machines may be manually operated, mechanically automated, or digitally automated via computer numerical control (CNC).

Milling machines can perform a vast number of operations, from simple (e.g., slot and keyway cutting, planing, drilling) to complex (e.g., contouring, diesinking). Cutting fluid is often pumped to the cutting site to cool and lubricate the cut and to wash away the resulting swarf.

Fig. 9 Milling Machine Components:

1.Face milling cutter 2.Spindle 3.Spindle head 4.Column 5.Table 6.Saddle 7.Knee 8.Base 9.Spindle switch 10.Spindle speed gear lever 11.Spindle speed control lever 12.Oil tank 13.Table manual wheel 14.Table lock bar 15.Saddle automatic moving bar 16.Saddle automatic moving control dial 17.Saddle manual wheel 18.Knee manual wheel 19.Quick buttom