- •Theory of translation. Workshop 3. Grammatical Translation Techniques.
- •1. Grammatical transformations can be necessitated by a whole number of factors. Here are some of them:
- •3. Match the terms to their short descriptions.
- •4. Answer the following questions. Multiple choice.
- •References for background reading:
- •1. Supplement (workshops 2 and 3).
4. Answer the following questions. Multiple choice.
What translation technique should be used if the complete reconstruction of the original is felt to be redundant? СССР занимал первое место в мире по производству угля – The USSR was the leader in coal production. He took his face out of his hands – Он отнял руки от лица. |
a) compensation, b) expansion, c) compression, d) assimilation, e) antonymic translation. |
What translation technique can be employed to render the meaning of English sentences with complex objects? I felt somebody touch my hand – Я почувствовал, как кто-то дотронулся до моей руки. |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation technique is usually used if the information considered redundant by the speakers of the SL should become explicit in the TL? В руках она держала книгу – She had a book in her hand. He is a hearty eater – Он любит вкусно и плотно покушать. |
a) compensation, b) expansion, c) compression, d) assimilation, e) antonymic translation. |
The combination of what translation techniques is used to render the meaning of English sentences with infinitive structures indicating subsequent action? She woke up to find her mother making breakfast – Она проснулась и увидела, что мама готовит завтрак. |
a) compensation and assimilation, b) replacement and transposition, c) sentence breaking and assimilation, d) sentence joining and assimilation, e) transposition and assimilation. |
What translation technique should be employed if the TL laws of collocability prevent the translator from using the same part of speech as is used in the SL? to shrug a careless shoulder – небрежно пожать плечами |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation technique should be used if the SL and the TL have different ways of highlighting new and important information? Недавно в Москве состоялась пресс-конференция –A press-conference was recently held in Moscow. |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation technique can be used to render the meaning of English sentences with infinitive structures with the preposition “for”? I am anxious for her to pass the exam – Я очень волнуюсь, сдаст ли она экзамен. |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation technique can be used if the SL and the TL have different rules of showing the doer of the action? The book made him feel sorry for the characters – Ему было жаль героев книги |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation techniques allow the translator to achieve idiomaticity when dealing with homogeneous predicates which express subsequent actions? Она пришла домой и увидела, что все уже ушли на прогулку – She came home to see that everybody had gone for an outing. |
a) compensation and assimilation, b) replacement and transposition, c) sentence breaking and assimilation, d) sentence joining and assimilation, e) transposition and assimilation. |
What translation technique should be used if the SL tends to command and request while the TL tends to forbid? Keep off the grass! – По газонам не ходить! |
a) compensation, b) expansion, c) compression, d) assimilation, e) antonymic translation. |
What translation technique can be used to render the meaning of English sentences with nominative with the infinitive constructions? The number of hospital beds is expected to increase – Ожидается, что количество постельных мест в больницах должно увеличиться. |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation technique can be used to idiomatically render the meaning of complex sentences with the indefinite-personal subject in the principal clause? Предполагается, что вы должны были подготовиться заранее – You are supposed to have prepared beforehand. |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation technique can be used to render the meaning of English sentences with infinitive of purpose constructions? He ran faster to finish first – Он побежал быстрее, чтобы придти к финишу первым. |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
What translation technique allows the translator to achieve idiomaticity when translating complex sentences with subordinate clauses of purpose? Она остановилась, чтобы поболтать со школьной подругой – She stopped to talk to a school friend of hers. |
a) compensation, b) replacement, c) sentence breaking, d) sentence joining, e) transposition. |
5. Say when the following techniques can be employed. Multiple choice.
1. Assimilation can be used to translate a) homogeneous sentence parts, b) infinitives of subsequent action, c) nominative with the infinitive constructions.
2. Compression is usually used if a) a complete reconstruction of the SL phrase seems to be redundant, b) a complete reconstruction of the SL phrase seems to be insufficient.
3. Expansion can be used if a) a complete reconstruction of the SL phrase seems to be redundant, b) a complete reconstruction of the SL phrase seems to be insufficient, c) it is necessary to supply additional information so as to illuminate misunderstanding caused by the absence of cultural background, d) both b and c, e) both a and c.
4. Replacement should be used if a) the SL and the TL have different means of encapsulating information (plural-singular, passive-active, noun-verb, adjective-adverb, etc.), b) the SL and the TL have different ways of highlighting information which is new and important.
5. Sentence joining should be used to translate a) complex sentences, b) complex objects.
6. Sentence breaking can be used to deal with a) sentences with the indefinite-personal subject in the principal clause, b) sentences with infinitive structures indicating a subsequent action, c) sentences with infinitive of purpose constructions, d) both b and c, e) both a and b, f) both a and c.
6. Translate the sentences using the types of replacement suggested.
They were halfway through their plates of eggs and sausages when Mr.Weasley jumped to his feet, waving and grinning at a man who was striding toward them (sentences types).
Clutching their purchases, Mr.Weasley in the lead, they all hurried into the wood, following the lantern-lit trail (sentences types).
His private life is the subject of much speculation (sentence parts).
Hiroshima was atombombed without the slightest mercy (sentence parts).
Europe is growing increasingly concerned about the escalation of tensions in the Middle East (sentence parts).
He crowded a lot of adventures into his young life (parts of speech).
При более близком рассмотрении открывается совершенно иная картина (sentence parts).
Он вёл себя очень уклончиво (parts of speech).
His light-mindedness got him involved into a hazardous undertaking (sentence parts).
В первые послевоенные годы система ценностей несколько изменилась (sentence parts).
В результате землетрясения многие люди остались без крова (sentence parts).
Her new movie had a lot of exposure in the media (parts of speech).
При сгорании угля образуется углекислый газ (sentence parts).