Ways of translating infinitival complexes/constructions

Exercise 12. Translate into Ukrainian the following sentences with the infinitival for-phrases, objective- and subjective-with-the-infinitive constructions.

1. A new social protection policy is expected to be put into practice al­ready this year. 2. According to recent research, one might expect the purchasing power of the population to be gradually rising. 3. All other indications showed death to have taken place slightly later than the approximate time put in the report. 4. Arrangements were also made for large numbers of books to be made available in that reading-room. 5. As regards the sound of words, we may almost be said to speak one language and to write another. 6. At the Central Station, from behind a convenient pile of luggage the men watched the train come in. 7. At the end of the year the statistical data will be found to be in line with the projections. The arrival of the technical experts is not likely to change the general picture of the reforms underway. 8. But the exceptions here are too numerous for any rule to be stated. 9. Coal has been known to exist in India since 1772, and is said to have been worked as far back as 1775. 10. Cult-objects may also be identified by the peculiar form, known from other sources to belong exclusively to some group of cultic equipment. 11. First we thought the small island to be uninhabited. 12. For the economic growth to continue a whole set of macroeconomic measures needs to be taken. 13. Great changes are expected to take place in the economies of these small countries in the near future. 14. He examined the problem and decided that the only solution was for him to return to the order of his old life. 15. Historians appear to know but little of his life. 16. Historians suppose the name ‘London’ to come from two Celtic words. 17. Human beings seem to have had the power of speech as far back as history can trace them; and animals, while they can make certain limited sounds and at times give them certain limited meanings, cannot be said to possess speech in the same sense that humans possess it. 18. If this can be shown to be true, it would greatly improve our understanding of the original code. 19. In Middle Ages people believed the earth to be the centre of the Universe. 20. In order to explain, or rather better to understand the sudden and glorious rise of Elizabethan literature, it is necessary to take a glance at the historical events which preceded it, and which may be said to have done much to make it possible. 21. It is a carefully prepared essay which proves its author to be a man of cultivation, taste, imagination, education and refinement. 22. It is possible for a word to consist of only one sound, as when you say ‘a’ in ‘a house’. 23. It is well known, for example, that with people who have often discussed some subject together a few words are enough for them mutually to understand some very complex point, which it would take many words for them to explain to an outsider. 24. Japan had the drama, said in its very beginning to have been associated with its religion. 25. Latin was supposed to be the only language worthy of study, and it was studied for a practical end. 26. Neither of the parties can be said to have unified or planned their actions. 27. Presently we saw him emerge from the station, cross the street and disappear into the building. 28. Such ideas are, however, unscientific. Why? Because they assert that the processes they are supposed to be investigating take place without any cause. 29. Such places were held to be frequented by evil spirits. 30. Suddenly the painter appeared at the door of the studio, and made signs for the visitors to come in.

Exercise 13. Translate into Ukrainian the following sentences with the infinitival for-phrases, objective- and subjective-with-the-infinitive constructions.

1. The date of the original composition of the play cannot be determined. But it is proved to have been acted at Dresden in 1626, and is commonly supposed to date back much further. 2. The economic laws are known to be universal. 3. The employees expected the management of the company to recon­sider the terms of the contract. 4. The exchange rate policy was developed earlier this year and found to be far from being perfect. 5. The financial crisis appeared to have affected different regions of the world. 6. The French Revolution, which may be said to have begun with the Fall of the Bastille in 1789, was the outcome of centuries of oppression in France; and the ideas of reform were in the air long before its actual outbreak. 7. The Guildhall at Exeter, said to be the oldest municipal building in the country, is well worth a visit. 8. The Island of Britain is known to have been revealed to the Roman world by Julius Caesar in the year 55 В. С. 9. The lake-dwellers of the stone age possessed a species of domestic dog of middle size, which they seem to have much valued, if the fact that it was not used as food, unless in cases of extreme need, warrants such a conclusion. 10. The new method is believed to have given good results. 11. The normal way in which culture continues is for one generation of a society to transmit its culture to the next generation. 12. The only way for companies to avoid double taxation was to lower their profits. 13. The peoples of all ancient civilizations are known to have made maps. 14. The tendency was for the exchange rate to be slowly stabilized after the National bank’s interventions. 15. The whole problem is so important that I would like you to go over the facts once more. 16. Their attitude to the process of reforms has never been thought to change so radically. 17. Their efforts have not been reported to have resulted in substantial changes. 18. There seems to be a misunderstanding as to the approaches used. 19. They established what is believed to be a solid system of relationships with trade partners. 20. This is one of the oldest roads in England, believed indeed to be prehistoric. 21. Tiw, the dark God, to meet whom was death, is supposed to have lent his name to Tuesday. 22. We know Australia to be the only continent situated in the southern hemisphere. 23. We often hear people complain that the materialists seek to reduce everything in the world, including life and mind, to a system of soulless mechanisms. This refers to mechanistic materialism. 24. We sincerely wish good relations to be established between our two countries, – said one of the delegates. 25. When a book is greatly admired and often read, the language in which it is written is likely to be imitated to some extent by those who read it.