Unit 3 ways of conveying the passive voice constructions

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences with the English passive voice constructions into Ukrainian.

1. A number of theoretical issues are also discussed. 2. A similar observation is made by Lichtenberk. 3. A spurious argument that is often advanced or at least hinted at appears in Forbe’s discussion. 4. An alternative analysis was proposed by Rosenbaum 1995. 5. Few books in the field have been so largely awaited as this. 6. However, this definition is rejected because it is too broad. 7. If X is put zero, Eq. 1 simplifies in the following way. 8. In each section, important scholars are quoted and examples are presented. 9. In more recent models this solution cannot be maintained. 10. No proof of this assertion was offered. 11. One hidden parameter is ignored here. 12. Precisely this form of argumentation is used by Schachter 1993. 13. Several objections must be raised about the proposal. 14. The formulae proposed here can be discussed, criticized and revised. 15. The graph is then redrawn on conventional orthogonal coordinates. 16. The nature of the problem is such that the empirical approach still has to be largely relied upon. 17. The same facts are repeated by Aarsely. 18. This classification is not referred to in the subsequent text. 19. This is not backed up by any large amount of supporting evidence. 20. Three points about this analysis must be added. 21. A new computer has been recently bought for the lab. 22. An attempt was made to harmonize the legislation of the two coun­tries right after the presidential elections. 23. It is assumed that the participants will take care of their accommoda­tion themselves. 24. It was found that the papers for the conference were printed double space instead of 1.5. 25. It was suggested by the commission that the project should be worked out in the context of the new circumstances. 26. Making decisions is always preceded by a thorough analysis of the market situation. 27. Nobody has been refused a chance to put forward their ideas for dis­cussion. 28. Practically all the enterprises in Russia and the CIS countries were af­fected by the financial crisis of 1998. 29. Social issues will certainly be taken care of by the new management of the company. 30. Some new approaches to attracting foreign investments are dealt with in this paper. 31. The construction of new houses in another place is being negotiated with the district authorities. 32. The decision of merging the companies was followed by dismissing a few hundred employees. 33. The denomination of the local currency had been carried out before a decision on merging the two currencies was passed. 34. The economic growth is influenced by a number of factors. 35. The higher inflation rate in the second quarter is accounted for by the Central Bank’s loan to the government for the needs of agriculture and housing construction. 36. The issues of foreign exchange policy are also touched on in the re­port prepared for the board meeting. 37. The productivity issue has been given special emphasis to in the meeting. 38. The sooner the unification of exchange rates is completed, the more smoothly the companies will adapt to new market conditions. 39. They will be shown the draft plan right upon their arrival. 40. Urgent steps are taken to overcome the consequences of the disaster.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences with the English passive voice constructions into Ukrainian.

1. According to one version the famous library was destroyed during the strife between Ptolemy XV and his sister Cleopatra for the throne; according to another, it was burned six centuries later. 2. Almost all sciences except perhaps medicine suffered a relapse during the Dark Ages when scientific pursuits were considered antireligious. The occasional scholar who attempted such studies was often persecuted and his progress discouragingly slow. 3. Another speaker thought that some of the older mental hospitals can only be adequately dealt with by pulling them down and rebuilding them. 4. As is readily seen, the problems and questions in regard to this subject are far more numerous than the solutions. 5. As new things were invented, they were given names built up from Latin and Greek roots. 6. At least five people were killed and scores injured as hurricane Inez swept across the French Caribbean Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe on Tuesday night. Heavy damage was caused as the storm hit with winds up to 125 miles an hour. Communications were disrupted and many centers cut off. 7. In the fashionable districts of Bath practically every dwelling had been lived in at some time by many famous people. 8. It has been shown in the above examples that the sense of the sentence often depends on the order of words. 9. It is assumed by many people that a repetition of a word will make the meaning more emphatic, but this is not always the case. 10. It is recognized that equivalence in both meaning and style cannot always be retained. When, therefore, one must be abandoned for the sake of the other, the meaning must have priority over the stylistic forms. 11. It is sometimes said that the Nile is longer than all the rivers in the eastern and western hemispheres. 12. It is to be remembered that these data come from different sources. 13. It was doubted that Shaw’s plays would retain their interest when the problems treated in them – slums, women’s rights, marriage customs had ceased to be of immediate concern. 14. It’s twenty years since he went away from home with his gun, and he has never been heard of since. 15. Just now the body’s natural defense mechanism against bacteria and viruses works is being more closely examined at the National Institute for Medical Re­search at Mill Hill, London. 16. Only a few instances will be given here. 17. People are influenced by the pronunciation and words they hear on the radio and TV or in spoken motion pictures, and our radio- and TV-picture language is imitated more and more by the people who hear it so that our language tends to become more and more uniform all the time. 18. People living upon lakes plentifully stocked with fish, it can be imagined, availed themselves of all means in their power for capturing them. 19. Police, who believe the four prisoners have separated, investigated reports that a farm and a factory – between Tavistock and Plymouth – were broken into overnight. 20. The authenticity of this document may be judged from several sources. 21. The entire question cannot be here discussed, but attention should be called to the fact that many of these resemblances between ancient and modern features are more fancied than real. 22. The houses of this small town are funny-shaped. Most of them are entered by a staircase, as the lower part is used as a fish-cellar. 23. The order of words (in English) is fairly rigid: it cannot easily be departed from, and most departures alter the type, or the emphasis, or the meaning of the sentence. 24. The origin of the race of men who made the Nile valley the cradle of civilization is still being sought by scholars. 25. The pronunciation of a few English words has been affected by modern French, for example, machine and police. 26. The Reference books in the Reading Room are kept under review and, wherever necessary, new books are substituted for those which are superseded. 27. There can be little doubt that the Angles, Saxons and Jutes were a mixture of many tribal elements; though after they had been settled a few generations in England, Angles were being addressed as Saxons, Saxons were calling themselves Angles and the whole conglomeration was being referred to as Englishmen and their language as English speech. 28. These two individuals, the speaker and the hearer, and their relations to one another should never be lost sight of, if we want to understand the nature of language, and that part of language which is dealt with in grammar. 29. This work cannot be given a high place as literature, but it is valuable for the contemporary documents it contains. 30. Views as to the actual date of the manuscript varied; the seventh century was the most usually favoured, but it was generally agreed that the illustrations belonged to an archetype perhaps as early as the second century. 31. We shall now see how the three departments of literature – prose, poetry and the drama – were affected by this new spirit. 32. What is the main lesson of Hamlet? The question, I think, is answered in all essentials in the following passage.