Supplementary exercises unit 1 changing th number of sentences in tt as compared to st

Exercise 1. Employ the partitioning and integrating procedures to translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

Man has been making animals rare and even extinct for thousands of years, and one of the main ways man has achieved this is by the de­struction of their habitat. The destruction of a habitat means that the ^vital balance between an animal and its environment is disturbed. In ancient times the destruction of habitat and the extinction of animals was quite small. Since then it has rapidly increased. People began to make more use of machines and industrialization occurred bringing with it changes which would destroy the face of the earth’s environ­ment forever. As the demands grew, wood and later coal, supplied the resources needed, this in turn resulted in the destruction of forests and habitats. At the same time that industrialization was faking place humans were settling in new parts of the world. Whenever they set­tled, nests were cut down and farms established. This destroyed the habitat of many animals.

Unit 2 word order and actual division of the sentence rendering the meaning of english emphatic structures

Exercise 2. Select the appropriate word order in the Russian translations of the following sentences.

1. Great strikes raged in steel, meat-packing, lumber, railroad, textiles, building, marine transport, coal, printing, garment-making – wherever there were trade unions. 2. The United States government refused to recognize the Soviet government until 1933; sixteen years after the revolution. 3. It was primarily because of these concessions to Negro and white labor that big capital came to hate Roosevelt so ruthlessly. 4. The Dutch Navy rescued the crew of a British freighter which began to sink near the Dutch coast after loose cargo shifted, a Navy spokesman said. 5. More than 500 senior British scientists from 20 universities have signed a pledge boycotting research for the American Strategic Defence Initiative, popularly known as Star Wars. 6. Japan may seem a rich country from abroad, but most Japanese still feel that basic living standards are below international par. 7. Floating on waves thousands of miles from any city, deposited on mountains and remote beaches, plastic trash is one of the most annoying of modern artifacts. 8. The position of a black hole at the centre of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been identified by measurements that can be made only once every 19 or so years. 9. Sugar consumption was predictably down again, by 7.5 per cent, but the traditional habit of tea drinking recovered slightly.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying special attention to the word order and emphatic structures.

1. It is only now that microwave spectroscopy appears to have matured to the point where one can attempt a book of some perspective and lasting value. 2. It was on November 24, 1831, that Faraday demonstra­ted to the Royal Society that an electric current can be produced in a coil of wire when a neighbouring electric current is made or broken. 3. In Europe the twelfth century saw the first canals cut by the Dutch, but it was not till the fourteenth century that the invention of locks in Italy made inland navigable. 3. It is the sun shining on the drops of rain, as they fall, that makes those beautiful colours in the rainbow. It is because every little raindrop is round ball of water, that the bow itself is curved or round. 4. It was only because they espoused the cause of the wor­king class and saw in it the new, rising, transforming force in history, that Marx and Engels were able to discover the laws of social change. 5. While in the study of the solid crust of the earth it is the structural and historic elements that predominate, in that of the waters and airs it is the dynamic elements and the rapidity of change which need to be understood. 6. Ironically enough it was Pasteur, himself a chemist by training, who eventually convinced the scientific world that all fermentative processes are the results of micro­bial activity. 7. All life ultimately depends on absorption of light, for it is the absorption of sunlight by the green leaves of plants which keeps the plant and animal world alive. 8. It is a continuing process of differentiations of fields of knowledge and ever-increasing specialization within each field which requires increasing attention to the­oretical research. 9. It was in the war between Russia and Turkey in 1787-91, as a result of which Russia consolidated her hold on the Black Sea coast, that Ushakov distinguished him­self as a commander. 10. The most significant factor in desert climate is the rain­fall, since it is the insufficiency of rain that brings the desert into being. 11. The harnessing of the waters of the Rhone (France) was first discussed as long ago as 1911, but it was not until 1934 – that the present program of the construction of a huge dam took shape. 12. It is our generation that can accomplish that which all preceding generations failed to accomplish – this generation has the capacity to eliminate warfare. 13. Glinka was convinced that it was in Russian folk music that he should seek the basis for his own creative work. 14. It was Fielding’s active life which gave him his know­ledge of men and women and developed in him that sen­se of universal irony which has made his novels of life in a corner of England reflect the life of all humanity.

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying special attention to the word order and emphatic structures.

1. A mineral in the cavity has somewhat less free energy than the same mineral in the rock. Not only does a small cavity provide a favorable place for formation and growth of newly stabilized minerals, it also represents a place to which the surrounding minerals would be trans­ferred by chemical transport (activation, migration and consolidation). 2. Not only has the absolute number of cases of multiple primary malignant tumor reported increased in recent years but also the frequency of this phenomenon has seemed to increase. 3. It had long been understood that sound was related to the vibration of a mechanical system, but not until Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) attacked this problem was it clear that pitch is determined by the frequency of vibration. 4. Not only do men fly in the upper layers of the atmos­phere, but the time is not too far off when they will le­ave the Earth and explore other planets. 5. The most brilliant planet is Venus. So bright is it that even in the daytime it is sometimes faintly visible. 6. Not only do the tides advance and retreat in their eter­nal rhythms, but the level of the sea itself is never at rest. 7. Hardly had the constitution of Athens assumed its de­mocratic form when the state was called upon to take a foremost part in the desperate struggle of the European Greeks to keep themselves from absorption in the great oriental empire of the Persians which had been created by Cyrus and successors. 8. Minerals like clay, chalk, stone and slate do not shine when we rub them, nor do they melt in the fire. 9. There can be no doubt that the popularity of organic reagents is deserved. Nor has descriptive literature in the field been lacking. 10. Schryver and Duston did not determine the position of the amino and hydroxyl groups, nor did they establish the structure of the acid by synthetic means. 11. Solubilities of analogous compounds sometimes vary indiscriminately within a group rather than in the order of atomic weights. Nor is the change in the basic pro­perties always gradual. 12. The original state of all the matter in the world is not known; nor can we predict what would happen if all molecular speeds were reversed. 13. No longer is the tissue thought of as the unit, nor even the cell; the interest lies in the mechanism whereby the various components of the cell synthesize protein and eventually export it. 14. The causes of the fluctuations of the inflow of warmer waters near Spitzbergen are not known, nor is it known whether these fluctuations are periodic in character, and the same statements apply to fluctuations which occur in other regions of well-defined currents. 15. Unfortunately records of evaporation are not very nume­rous, nor are they readily comparable since different ty­pes of evaporation give different results. 16. The Greeks were an offshoot of the Indo-European fa­mily. At what date they entered their future home we have no means of determining; nor can we tell the route by which the Greeks entered.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying special attention to the word order and emphatic structures.

1. Surrounding the nucleus and conferring electrical neutra­lity on the atom as a whole, is a set of Z electrons arran­ged in a series of “orbits” or “shells” and moving in these orbits rather as planets round the sun. 2. Included in this work, however, were the crystal structu­res of two minerals, diamond and graphite, where the atomic arrangements are fundamental to organic chemistry. 3. More significant is the failure to resolve the K and L, groups of electrons in the case of argon. 4. Included in the interval between the time of addition of virus and cessation of cell division is the time requi­red for entry and “uncoating” of the virus. 5. Included in the group of compounds to be considered are, substances differing widely in constitution and mode of action, yet possessing the common property of forming insoluble organometallic salts under certain well-defined conditions. 6. The problems of the electronic state of macromolecules have in many respects similarity with that of the crystalline solids. However, there also are many problems characteristic to the macromolecule. Especially interesting are the problems concerning the biopolimers such as the nucleic acids and the proteins. 7. Situated at the mouth of the Neva River, which flows into the Gulf of Finland, is Leningrad built on more than 100 islands at the delta, united by 548 bridges. 8. At the end of a rainstorm, many fine drops of water are suspended in the air. Emerging from each drop are the rays of all spectrum colors, each at a different angle. 9. We see how delicately balanced is the operation of a mo­dern blast furnace, huge as it is. 10. However plentiful the ore may be the extraction of a metal will not be profitable unless it is sufficiently suitable for some purpose to be sold at a price that will pay for extraction. 11. However useful the ore may be, it cannot be employed to advantage unless it can be obtained in adequate qu­antities and at a price commensurate with its utility. 12. Important as Mechnikov’s discoveries were in themsel­ves their significance is further magnified by the im­petus they gave to the development of the comparative and evolutionary trend in physiology. Suffering though he did from tuberculosis, Dobrolyubov worked with terrific energy, pouring all the passion of his being into the fight for the cause of the people.