19. Below are some adjectives and nouns with the prefix self-. Study them and, if necessary, check their meanings in a dictionary. Then use them to complete the following sentences.

ADJECTIVES self-confident self-addressed self-educated self-made self-appointed self-important self-explanatory self-evident self-employed self-reliant

NOUNS self-control self-discipline self-satisfaction self-confidence

1. The instructions on this package are simple to follow. They're really ......................

2. He got to the top in business by his own efforts in spite of having little education or training. He’s entirety a ..................... man.

3. We need salespeople who can work on their own initiative. They must be ......................

4. It's not easy to start work at six o'clock every morning. You need plenty of ..................... to get to work on time.

5. Bill has no official position but he's very influential with the shop-floor workers. He's their ..................... leader.

6. I get a sense of..................... when I think that I entered this company as an office boy and I'm now its chairman.

7. ..................... businessmen generally like the feeling of independence.

8. It is ..................... that a bank manager won't lend you money to start a company if you don't have some kind of business plan.

9. She’s confident she'll be the best Office Manager we've ever had. Her ..................... is remarkable.

10. It’s easy to lose your temper if an employee makes a silly mistake. However, a good manager learns to show

11. If you need more information, please write to us including a ..................... envelope.

12. A leader needs to be ..................... because if he doubts his own judgement, others will do so too.

13. Despite her culture and knowledge, she is in fact largely ..................... since she left school at fifteen.

Grammar in Use

20. Match the following verbs and nouns with the correct definitions.

turn up turn down turn over turn round turn out turn against take turns turning point turnover turnover

do something in an agreed order the amount of sales in a certain period of time do business or sell goods worth a certain amount make a business profitable again after it has had losses a point in time when an important change takes place the number of workers employed to replace those who have left produce refuse, reject change one's attitude and become hostile arrive, appear

21. Complete the following passages with words from the list above.

a) I work for a kitchen appliance manufacturer. We're a fairly large organization. Our .................. is over £20m annually, and I’d say we .....................roughly 2,000 units a month. We're profitable now but we had a difficult time in the early 1980s. We almost went bankrupt. The .....................was when we got a new Chief Executive. Within two years he completely ..................... the company. Now we’re doing well. Our only problem is that our labour ..................... is rather high - well above average for the industry.

b) I’m meant to start work at 8.30 a.m., but I often ..................... late. On Fridays, someone in the office has to work until 10p.m. We usually ..................... – it’s fairer that way. I quite like my job and I don’t want any more responsibility. In fact, I’ve already ..................... two offers of promotion, much to my boss's annoyance. I hope he doesn't ..................... me because I’ve refused opportunities for promotion. By the way, my firm ..................... about £200,000 a month.

Business idioms

22. Parts of the body appear in some colloquial idiomatic adjectives describing various human states and characteristics, e.g. ‘heavy-hearted’ means ‘sad’. For each adjective on the left below find the word or phrase on the right which has the same meaning.

	stout-hearted	a) generous
	tight-fisted	b) brave, resolute
	open-handed	c) with very good hearing.
	hard-headed	d) conceited, self-important
	big-headed	e) hypocritical
	weak-kneed	f) silent, unwilling to speak
	sharp-eared	g) mean, not generous
	tight-lipped	h) insensitive to criticism
	two-faced	i) businesslike, unemotional
	starry-eyed	j) cowardly, nervous
	thick-skinned	k) over-romantic

Now, make your own sentences using these word combinations.