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Essentials of Business English full.doc
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  1. We often use prefixes to modify the meaning of an adjective. Study some of the most common prefixes and their meanings. Then, try to recall some more words with these prefixes.

anti- = against

bi- = two

dis- = the opposite of

in- = not

inter- = between

mal- = badly

mis- = wrongly/badly

mono- = one

multi- = many

out- = beyond

over- = too much

post- = after

pre- = before

pro- = in favour of

semi- = half

sub- = under, below

un- = not

under- = not enough

anti-war. anti-government

biannual, bilingual

dishonest, disorderly

incomplete, incompetent

interactive, intercontinental

maladjusted, malodorous

misguided, misinformed

monolingual, monosyllabic

multi-purpose, multi-cultural

outside, outdated, outlying

overactive, overworked

post-war, post-industrial

pre-war, pre-industrial

pro-western, pro-European

semi-precious, semi-professional

subtropical, subconscious

unimportant, ungrateful

undercooked, underpaid

There is no simple way of knowing whether prefixes require a hyphen. Check in a good learner's dictionary.

  1. Match a prefix to an adjective in the box below. Then complete the sentences with the newly-formed adjectives.

апti- dis- in- mal- mis- over- post- un-

.................crowded

.................nuclear

.................tolerant

.................dated

.................connected

.................grateful

.................leading

.................treated

a) I’m fed up with working in an ………………. office with no air-conditioning!

b) There was a crowd of ............................. protesters blocking the entrance to the site.

c) I thought the President made some very................... comments about taxes in the interview.

d) Mr Stevens let me give him a.......................cheque for the rent.

e) I thought his new book was terrible – just a collection of..............................ideas.

f) Our elderly neighbours have a rather............................. attitude towards young people.

g) Collie said some very................things about the advice I gave her - I was only trying to help!

h) A lot of the organization’s money is spent on rescuing.............................animals.

Grammar in Use

  1. Study the meaning of the verbs in the box below and complete the following sentences using suitable forms.

point out hold out make out (two meanings)

have out stand out cut out (two meanings)

1. Sheila wants to ..................... the training sessions she runs on Friday afternoon. She’s too busy to hold them then.

2. When reviewing my performance, Mr Jones ..................... several weaknesses.

3. I'm a valuable member of the organization, so at my next salary review, I shall ..................... for a lot more money.

4. I think I ..................... among all the candidates because my qualifications for the job were so good.

5. How did you ..................... in the interview, Patricia?

6. He said that I was not ..................... for a career in banking.

7. I'm fed up with my boss criticizing me all the time. I'm going to ................... it .................. with him.

8. Can you read David’s writing? I can’t ………………… what he has put on this report.

Business idioms

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