14. Trace the difference between the words and word combinations. Then, complete the following sentences with the verbs to update, to upgrade, to update and their derivatives.

to innovate innovation to update to upgrade

• to innovate – to begin or introduce something new; to be creative.

• innovation – the act of innovating; something, such as a method or product, newly introduced.

• to upgrade – to raise to a higher standard or grade.

• to update – to bring up to date.

1. African American developments in dance were accompanied by similar ……….. in other arts.

2. To ……………… the highways, he asked the legislature to pass a package of tax increases.

3. Cars equipped with computers and cellular telephones can link to the Internet to obtain constantly ………………. traffic data.

4. Among the most important jazz ………….. in the first half of the 20th century were Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Dizzy Gillespie.

5. In 1885 she participated in an ………………… program of higher education for women.

6. In 1990 Telecom began a major program to ……………………….. and expand the network.

7. Albert was outstanding among the medieval philosophers but not as …………….. as his pupil Aquinas.

8. Her other works include a collection of short stories, ……………… fairy tales, and parodies.

9. Adapters are often used to permit ……………………….. to new or different hardware.

10. The school was regarded by the general public as a revolutionary ………………………… .

11. Three-engine jet called the DC-10, now is produced in an ……………………….. version.

12. Allen worked to develop some of Microsoft’s most ………………. and popular products, including Windows.

13. Apple abandoned its plans to release a major …………………. of its operating system.

14. Flight plans are fed into computers and …………………………….. as the flight progresses.

15. Another … was the Quartering Act of 1765.

16. An accelerator card allows a user to ……………………. a system to a faster microprocessor.

17. The Greeks regarded Archilochus as a great … ……………………..

18. Archipenko was an experimenter and ………………………. in sculpture.

15. Complete the following sentences using suitable items from the box below.

product range product-line

sales revenue growth-rate

production capacity productivity

market share resources

1. A well-known advertising agency aims to achieve a ………………… of 20% a year.

2. This ………………… is unprofitable. We'll have to discontinue it.

3. Companies like Unilever and IBM have huge financial …………………….

4. By re-organizing the work of office staff, you can often increase their …………………

5. We're a small firm, so we aren't able to offer a wide ……………………

6. Most of Shell Oil's ………………… comes from overseas subsidiaries.

7. By extending our factory, we have been able to expand our ……………………..

8. With the help of their cheap, high-quality word-processor, the Amstrad company were able to greatly increase their ………………… in the UK.