IV. Answer the following questions:

1. What are reasons for the different OSs required by the various computer operations?

2. What is the difference between «single program operation» and «batch processing»?

3. What are the essential functions of an OS at the simple level?

4. Who developed Mac OS?

5. What are the most widely used versions of Microsoft Windows family?

6. What is Unix?

7. How can a user control the Linux operating system?

8. What is the main difference between the Linux and other operating systems?

V. Decide which of these statements are true or false. If they are false, correct them.

1. A single program operation requires some OS.

2. Multiprogramming is similar to a single program operation.

3. In the past, almost all OSs were written in high level languages.

4. An OS is the lowest layer of software on a computer.

5. Linux can be used without graphical interface.

VI. Suggest everyday English words or phrases to the following rather more formal, academic words:

errors, considerably, require, allocate, cushion, sufficient, similarly, complexity, frequently, goal.

VII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the list. Some words can be used more than once.

a) Unix-like b) server c) packages d) distributions e) very f) diverse

1. Linux is a generic term that commonly refers to _______ computer operating systems.

2. Operating systems vary in size from ___________small to very large.

3. Historically, Linux has mainly been used as a ___________ operating system.

4. Enterprise and non-enterprise Linux ________ may be found running on servers.

5. Enterprise class ________ by Red Hat or SuSe are used by corporations.

6. The Unix-like family is a __________ group of OSs.

7. Windows is also used on _________, supporting applications.

VIII. Define the following terms:

operating system, desktop PC, architecture, data, server, handheld computer, hardware, host, interface.

IX. What do the following abbreviations stand for?

OS, MS-DOS, VMS, DVD, GUI, CLI, PHP, BSD, GNU, DEC, MIPS.

X. Write a short article for the magazine about:

1. Advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft OS family.

2. The latest versions of Linux distributions.

3. The nature of OS.