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3.1. Answer the questions:

1. Loans don’t provide the largest portion of operating reve-nue, don’t they?

2. Why is granting credits to qualified borrowers the princi-pal economic function of banks?

3. Why does risk in banking tend to be concentrated in the loan portfolio?

4. What do examiners do at the banks?

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5. Are there difficult tasks in lending to business firms? What are they?

6. Does the lender want to charge a high enough rate? 7. Why must the loan rate be low?

3.2. Match up these terms with the definitions below:

cash card, cash dispenser, credit card, home banking, loan, mortage, overdraft, standing order, current account (GB) or check-ing account (US), deposit account (GB) or time or notice account (US)

1) an arrangement by which a customer can withdraw more from a bank account than has been deposited in it, up to an agreed limit; interest on the debt is calculated daily

2) a card which guarantees payment for goods and services purchased by the cardholder, who pays back the bank or finance company at a later date

3) a computerized machine that allows bank customers, to withdraw money, check their balance, and so on

4) a fixed sum of money on which interest is paid, lent for a fixed period, and usually for a specific purpose

5) an instruction to a bank to pay fixed sums of money to certain people or organizations at stated times

6) a loan, usually to buy property, which serves as a security for the loan

7) a plastic card issued, to bank customers for use in cash dispensers

8) doing banking transactions by telephone or from one’s own personal computer, linked to the bank via a network

9) one that generally pays little or no interest, but allows the holder to withdraw his or her cash without any restrictions

10)one that pays interest, but usually cannot be used for pay-ing cheques (GB) or checks (US), and on which notice is often re-quired to withdraw money

3.3. Read these short texts (1–3) and choose their titles (a–c). Discuss them in groups:

a. Lending and loans. b. What is banking?

c. Safeguarding and transfer of funds.

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1. Banking is the transactions carried on by any person or firm engaged in providing financial services to consumers or busi-nesses.

For these purposes there exist commercial banks, central banks, savings banks, trust companies, finance companies and mer-chant banks. Banking consists of safeguarding and transfer of funds, lending or facilitating loans, guaranteeing creditworthiness and exchange of money. In other words, banking is the acceptance, transfer, and credition of deposits. The depository institutions are central banks, commercial banks, savings and loan associations, building societies, and mutual savings banks.

2. Vaults and safes are the means for safeguarding of funds. Money is physically stored there. These physical deposits are in most cases insured against theft, and against the bank being bank-rupt and unable to repay the funds. In some banks customers can use safety deposit boxes for valuables. To save money in banks is profitable because bank customers receive interest given on savings accounts, a percentage return on the bank’s investments with the money.

Transfer of funds can be handled through written instru-ments: contracts, checks, or direct transfers performed electronical-ly. Nowadays banks provide the customers with additional ways of gaming access to their funds and using them. These are credit cards and account debit cards, electronic cash tills, computer on-line banking, and other services.

Automated clearing houses perform similar services for busi-ness customers by handling regular payments, such as wages, for a company banking with the bank. Longer-term schemes for provid-ing regular in come on savings are often offered through trust funds or other investment schemes.

3. Loans to bank customers are drawn on the funds deposited with the bank and yield interest which provides the profits for the banking industry and the interest on savings accounts. These loans may take the form of mortgages or other policies. Banks may guar-antee credit for customers who wish to obtain loans from other in-stitutions. They also provide foreign exchange facilities for individ-ual customers, as well as handling large international money trans-fers.

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