4.1. Fulfil the following tasks:

a) Underline the following two-part words in the text. Which ones are adjectives and which ones are nouns? What does each word mean?

a) best-known b) trademark c) snack-food d) overseas

e) chairman f) soft-drinks

b) Use each compound word to complete the sentences:

1. Global companies have many … branches. 2. Nestlé is well-known for its … operations. 3. The UK … sector is growing rapidly.

4. A … is a symbol used by a company to identify and ad-vertise its goods.

5. OK is the … word in the world.

6. The … is the most senior person in the company.

c) The magazine article describes the competition between Pepsi and Coca-Cola for new markets. Can you think of any new markets today?

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4.2. Complete each sentence with the present perfect of the verb in brackets and a time marker ‘for’ or ‘since’:

1. Coca-Cola (have) … bottling plants outside the US … World War II.

2. Pepsi (be) … successful in Eastern Europe … 1959.

3. Pepsi (have) … an exclusive franchise in the Soviet Un-ion … 1972.

4. Coca-Cola and Pepsi (be) … in competition … many years.

5. Coca-Cola (outsell) … Pepsi in many Eastern European countries … the collapse of the Berlin Wall.

6. Supermarkets (produce) … their own brands of cola … the last decade.

7. The Coke recipe (not change) … 1886.

4.3. Complete the relative clauses by choosing the correct pronoun or a group of pronouns from the box. Think of your own examples: who, which, that, no pronoun

1. The fax process, … was first patented in 1843 by Alex-ander Bain, did not go into commercial service until 1964.

2. Penicillin, the antibiotic compound … was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, only went into production in 1942.

3. The steam engine … George Stephenson famously demonstrated in 1815 was actually discovered in 50BC by Heron of Greece.

4. Kevin Tuohy, … invented the soft plastic lens in 1948, was not the first person to suggest contact lenses: Adolph Fick had the idea in 1888.

5. Orville Wright is the man … is usually credited with the first powered flight in 1903, but Gustave Whitehead and Richard Pearse were also experimenting with flying machines at the same time.

6. Several other people claim to be the inventors of the ma-chine … John Logie Baird demonstrated in 1926 and called a ‘tele-visor’.

4.4. Complete the text using the words from the box. There are two words which you don’t need to use:

profits, market, chief executive officer, computer, enterpreneur, computer

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science, corporate, encourage, business world, correct, direct-sales compa-ny, personal computer industry

Porta Isaakson is a classic example of a successful (1) … As founder, president and (2) … of Future Computing Inc. Isaakson has made a name for herself as an authority on market trends in the (3) …

Isaakson did not start at the top of (4) … She grew up on a small struggling dairy farm in Oklahoma. She got the training she needed, eventually earning two masters’ degrees and a doctorate in (5) …

In 1980 she founded a (6) … research and consulting firm Future Computing.

In 1981 Isaakson learned of IBM’s plans to market a new personal computer. In a published report she predicated that the IBM PC would have a dramatic effect on the (7) … market. When Isaakson’s prediction proved (8) … her company began to be taken seriously.

In 1984 she sold Future Computing for $8 million plus a per-centage of future (9) … She left the sales was necessary because Future Computing needed access to (10) … management experi-ence. As part of the corporate merger Porta Isaakson continues to run Future Computing.