3.1. Find the adjectives (1–5) in the article. Match them with the word (a-e) that has a similar meaning:

1) hierarchical 2) complicated 3) successive 4) autonomous 5) definite

a) efficient b) pyramidal с) hard

d) concrete e) separate

3.2. Look at the following lists of positions and organiza-tions and answer the questions below. Then, in groups of two or three, compare your answer:

Thepeople who workforacompany,all the peopleonits payroll are its employees, personnel, staff, workers or workforce. But these words can mean just the people carrying out the work of a company, ratherthanthoseleadingitandorganizingit: the management.

Note: Workforce, work-force and work force are all possible. Labour is spelled labor in AmE. Labor unions, organiza-

tions defending the interests of workers (AmE) are called trade unions in BrE.

POSITION manager

head of research and development supervisor (on an assembly line) general manager

vice-chancellor chairman

ORGANISATION

a famous pop music group an oil company

a car company

a fashion business a university

a multinational company

1. What duties do all these people have in common?

2. What qualities and skills are required for each position? 3. Which of the positions would you prefer to have? Why? 4. Are there any you would not want hold? Why?

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3.3. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right:

autonomous

decentralization

function

hierarchy

line authority

report to

subordinates

A) a system of authority with different levels, one above the other

B) a specific activity in a company, e. g. produc-tion, marketing, finance

C) independent, able to take decisions without con-sulting a higher authority

D) people working under someone else in a hierar-chy

E) dividing an organization into decision-making units that are not centrally controlled

F) the power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command

G) to be responsible to someone and to take instruc-tions from him or her

3.4. Read this information about managers and executives in the us and match each task (1–6) to the manager most likely to be responsible for doing it:

president chief executive officer (CEO) chief operating officer (COO)
		non-executive directors

chief financial officer (CFO) vice president (VP) market-ing

vice president (VP) human resources

vice president (VP) research

senior executives / top exec-utives /

executive directors

In the US, the top position may be that of chairman, chair-woman or president.

This job is often combined with the position if chief execu-tive officer or CEO.

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Some companies have a chief operating officer to take care of the day-to-day running of the company. The finance director may be called the chief financial officer.

In the US, senior managers in charge of particular areas are often called vice presidents (VPs).

1. Meet with advertising agency to discuss new advertise-ments for the company’s holidays.

2. Study possible new holiday destinations in detail.

3. See the research director to discuss new holiday destina-tions.

4. Contact newspapers to advertise new jobs. 5. Deal with complaints from customers.

6. Discuss sales figures with sales team.