Text II closed wounds
Closed wounds have fewer categories, but are just as dangerous as open wounds. The types of closed wounds are:
Contusions, more commonly known as bruises, caused by a blunt force trauma that damage tissue under the skin. When a person sustains a harsh blow, it causes tissue damage and bleeding beneath the skin, but does not tear the skin itself. Most contusions do not require medical treatment, but should be monitored for symptoms of hematoma, which is deep tissue damage. A hematoma can cause skin death over the injury and will need medical treatment. The symptoms of a hematoma are a steadily growing mass beneath the contusion and discoloration, as well as severe pain. These symptoms require immediate medical treatment.
Hematomas, also called a blood tumor, caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to collect under the skin.
Crush injury, caused by a great or extreme amount of force applied over a long period of time.
Chronic and Acute Wounds Acute or traumatic wounds are the result of injuries that disrupt the tissue. Chronic wounds are those that are caused by a relatively slow process that leads to tissue damage. Chronic wounds include pressure, venous, and diabetic ulcers. Typically, an insufficiency in the circulation or other systemic support of the tissue causes it to fail and disintegrate. Infection then takes hold of the site and hits a critical point, it can spread locally. Once the infection hits a critical point, it can spread locally or become systemic (sepsis).
Post-text assignments:
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:
What are the types of closed wounds?
What are contusions caused by?
What should contusions be monitored for?
What can a hematoma cause?
What are the symptoms of hematoma?
What are hematomas caused by?
What is a crush injury?
What do acute wounds result from?
What are chronic wounds caused by?
When can infection spread locally and become systemic?
Exercise 2. Translate the following word combinations into English:
Критична точка; недостатня циркуляція; травматичні поранення; порівняно повільний процес; збиратися під шкірою; розпадатися на складові частини; розривати тканину; забите місце; синець; пошкоджувати кров’яні судини; небезпечні рани; розповсюджуватися локально.
Exercise 3. Choose one or more words from list B to modify the verbs from list A so as to make sense. Translate the word combinations into the native language.
List A: To cause; to refer to; to damage; to be caused by; to appear; to be misused; to collect; to be applied; to scrape off; to be referred to ; to lead to; to hit; to spread.
List B: the topmost layer of the skin ; a critical point; as a "through-and-through; tissue damage; over a long period of time; the dermis; locally; a clean, sharp-edged object; under the skin; in reference to incisions; a contusion; a sharp injury; linear (regular) or stellate.
Exercise 4. Find the appropriate sentence endings:
Incisions or incised wounds, caused by…
Contusions, more commonly known as …
Lacerations, irregular tear-like wounds caused by …
Abrasions (grazes), superficial wounds in which the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis)…
Hematomas, also called a blood tumor, caused by…
Puncture wounds, caused by an object puncturing the skin, such as …
Penetration wounds, caused by an object such as a knife…
Crush injury, caused by a great or extreme amount of…
Gunshot wounds, caused by a bullet or similar projectile driving …
…is scraped off.
…into or through the body.
…entering and coming out from the skin.
…a clean, sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a glass splinter.
… a nail or needle.
… force applied over a long period of time.
….damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to collect under the skin.
… bruises, caused by a blunt force trauma that damage tissue under the skin.
… some blunt trauma.
Exercise 5. Give the comparative and superlative degree of the following adjectives.
Model: few – fewer – fewest; important – more important – the most important
Bright, hot, wide, easy, brave, good, active, fine, fat, bad, dirty, old, beautiful, thin, long, big, difficult, important, many, little, soon, correctly, strong, thin, thick, narrow, interesting, warm, deep, rough, great, clean, sharp.
Exercise 6. Approve or disapprove the following statements.
Injuries are far too common for some people.
At some point in most of our lives, we will receive a wound.
Whether major or minor, any injury that tears flesh is not only painful, but dangerous.
The simplest puncture can breed tetanus, and a small cut can turn septic with infection.
Knowing the basics of what types of wounds are more serious than others can help you treat them.
As mentioned above, any wound can be serious, no matter how small, if ignored.
In the case of punctures, a thorough cleansing and an update on your tetanus shot is a must.
Deep cuts, where blood is pumping with each heartbeat, need not an immediate call to 911.
Burns that are charred or where underlying tissues are exposed also need immediate medical attention.
In the case of any serious wound, seek professional medical treatment immediately.
Exercise 7. Complete the following text with the suitable words from the box; translate the text into Ukrainian: