Types of wounds Part I open wounds

Pre-text assignments:

Exercise 1. Learn the following words.

torn, adj	[´tɔ:n]	рваний
punctured,adj	[´pʌŋkt∫әd]	колений
blunt, adj	[´blʌnt]	тупий
trauma, n	[´trɔ:mә]	травма
contusion, n	[kәn´tјu:ʒn]	забите місце
open, v	[´әʋpәn]	відкритий
closed, adj	[´klәʋzd]	закритий
refer, v (to)	[rɪ ´fɜ:]	посилатись на
dermis, n	[´dɜ:mɪs]	дерма , власне шкіра
object, n	[´ɒbʤәkt]	предмет, річ
incision, n	[ɪn´sɪʒәn]	надріз, розріз
incised, adj	[ɪn´saizd]	(роз-, над- )різаний
laceration, n	[,læsә´reɪ∫n]	розрив
linear, adj	[´lɪnɪә]	лінійний
stellate, adj	[´stelɪt]	зіркоподібний
abrasion, n	[ә´breɪʒn]	садно
graze, n	[greɪz]	подряпина
superficial, adj	[,su:pә´fɪ∫әl]	поверховий
slide, v	[´slaɪd]	ковзати
rough , adj	[´rʌf]	грубий, шершавий
penetration , n	[,penɪ´treɪ∫n]	проникнення
gun-shot , n	[´gʌn∫ɔt]	постріл
bullet, n	[´bulɪt]	куля
projectile, n	[prә´ʤektaɪl]	снаряд, куля

Exercise 2.Guess the meaning of the following words.

Hematoma, pathology, linear, epidermis, contusion, penetration, disintegrate, abrasion, trauma, chronic, medicine, puncture, typical, category, classification, object, period, collection, traumatic, process, diabetic, circulation, infection, systemic, abscess, critical, locally, sepsis, scrape, sterile solution, antiseptic, tablet, history, philosopher, theory, serious, physically.

Exercise 3. Find corresponding equivalents:

in (with) reference to…	відскрібати
to refer to…	посилатися на…
topmost	рвана рана
to scrape off	з посиланням на…
"through -and-through"	різана рана
incision wound	стосовно, відносно
relatively	найвищий
punctured wound	наскрізний
laceration	колена рана

Exercise 4. Complete the table with missing forms.

Nouns	Verbs
	to injury
tear
	to infect
cause
collection
	to puncture
	to incise
penetration
circulation
	to disrupt
reference
appliance
support
	to relieve
	to measure
spread
	to damage

Exercise 5. Read and then translate the following word combinations into the Ukrainian language:

The dermis of the skin; a blunt force trauma; a sharp-edged object; a glass splinter; irregular tear-like wounds; blunt trauma; scrub the injury of any loose materials and tissue; apply some sort of closing technique; stitching; the application of a pressure dressing; realign the edges of the wound; speed healing; lessen scarring; superficial wounds; the topmost layer of the skin; remain intact; a sliding fall; a rough surface.

TYPES OF WOUNDS

Text I: OPEN WOUNDS

In medicine, a wound is a type of injury in which skin is torn, cut or punctured (an open wound), or where a blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin.

Open wounds can be classified according to the object that caused the wound. The types of open wound are:

• Incisions or incised wounds, caused by a clean, sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a glass splinter.

• Lacerations, irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma. Lacerations and incisions may be linear (regular) or stellate (irregular). The first step to treat this kind of wound is to stop bleeding, clean and scrub the injury of any loose materials and tissue, and then apply some sort of closing technique, whether through stitching or the application of a pressure dressing. The edges of the wound should be realigned to speed healing and lessen scarring.

• Abrasions (grazes), superficial wounds in which the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis) is scraped off, but the tissue underneath remains intact. Abrasions are often caused by a sliding fall onto a rough surface. Cleansing of the wound and removal of any foreign material is important within the first 24 hours. Treatment is usually non-surgical and consists of the application of a moist dressing to protect the new tissue that forms to heal the abrasion.

• Puncture wounds, caused by an object puncturing the skin, such as a nail or needle.

• Penetration wounds, caused by an object such as a knife entering and coming out from the skin.

• Gunshot wounds, caused by a bullet or similar projectile driving into or through the body. There may be two wounds, one at the site of entry and one at the site of exit, generally referred to as a "through-and-through."