4. Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and use them in sentences of your own.

Осмысление, стоицизм, эпикурейство, выступать (…в качестве), самопроизвольно, явления, древнегреческий, протекторат, предвещать, признак (символ), ересь, мореплаватели

5. Fill the gaps with the linking words.

therefore, conversely, but, in order to, and, which, since, if, however

1. The world would be nothing _________ a crazy chaos.

2. _________, any philosophical statement about any of these points must be rational.

3. Each realm is enriched by contact with the others,. _________ it is the task of philosophy to further this enrichment.

4. The student of philosophy, _________, is not one who commits to memory unchanging answers to all possible questions.

5. Philosophy understands the foundations of knowledge _________ make knowledge possible.

6. The critique is necessary, _________ its role is that of defining the conditions under which the use of reason is legitimate _________ determine what can be known, what must be done, and what may be hoped.

7. The critique is, in a sense, the handbook of reason that has grown up in Enlightenment; and, _________, the Enlightenment is the age of critique.

8. The philosopher will criticise all inconsistent views as well as consistent positions _________ they are partial

6. Complete the chart using the words from the text.

Noun	Adjective	Person	Verb
			to think
	Philosophical
		knower
science

7. Read the following quotes, state who said these words. What is the main idea expressed in each? Do you agree with the quotes? Give your arguments for or against.

* Appendix 3 p. 153

Aristotle, Socrates, G.E. Moor, Alfred N. Whitehead.

1. “There is a certain kind of science which contemplates being as being, and what belongs to being in itself. This science is not the same as any of those that are called special sciences; for none of the latter inspect being in general, as being, but they separate off some part of it and contemplate its attribute, as the mathematical sciences do. But since we are seeking for origins and basic causes, it is clearly necessary that these causes have a specific nature.”

2. “Speculative philosophy is the endeavour to frame a coherent, logical, necessary system of general ideas in terms of which every element of our experience can be interpreted. By this notion of “interpretation:” I mean that everything of which we are conscious as enjoyed, perceived, willed, or thought, shall have the character of a particular instance of the general scheme.”

3. “If you put me to death, you will not easily find anyone to take my place. It is literally true, even if it sounds rather comical, that God has specially appointed me to this city, as though it were a large thoroughbred horse which because of its great size is inclined to be lazy and needs the stimulation of some stinging fly. It seems to me that God has attached me to this city to perform the office of such a fly, and all day long I never cease to settle here, there, and everywhere, rousing, persuading, reproving everyone of you.”

4. “It appears to me that in Ethics, as in all other philosophical studies, the difficulties and disagreements, of which its history is full, are mainly due to a very cause: namely to the attempt to answer questions, without first discovering precisely what question it is which you desire to answer.”