1. flagellum

2. neurofibril

3. myofibril

4. tonofibril

5. Cortical layer

ANSWER: A

What does the neck of spermatozoon contain?

1. acrosome

2. microtubules

3. proximal centriole

4. distant centriole

5. axial fibers

ANSWER: C

What does not spermatozoon do in fertilization?

1. adds half chromosomal set

2. determines sex

3. stimulates cleavage

4. adds centriole

5. adds acrosome

ANSWER: E

Where does mitochondrial sheath of spermatozoon lie?

1. in the head

2. in the tail

3. in the neck

4. at the top of acrosome

5. in the centriole

ANSWER: B

Flagella of spermatozoon is:

1. general organelle

2. cell inclusion

3. temporary structure

4. cell membrane evagination

5. special organelle

ANSWER: E

What are the components of spermatozoon tail?

1. nucleus, mitochondria, distant centriole

2. axial fibers, nucleus, mitochondria

3. acrosome, mitochondria, centrosome

4. axial fiber, mitochondria, distant centriole

5. axial fiber, mitochondria, centrosome

ANSWER: D

How many microtubules does axial fiber of spermatozoon have?

1. 9+0

2. 9x2+0

3. 9x2+2

4. 9x3+0

5. 9x3+2

ANSWER: C

Which cells are motile?

1. oocytes

2. spermatogonies

3. spermatocytes

4. spermatozoa

5. spermatids

ANSWER: D

Types of oocytes:

1. alecithal, oligolecithal, polilecithal

2. multilecithal, alecithal

3. centrolecithal, multilecithal

4. centrolecithal, alecithal

5. oligolecithal, multilecithal

ANSWER: A

Yolk inclusions location in oocyte:

1. in large granules

2. dispersed

3. in the pole of cell

4. under the ovolemma

5. around nucleus

ANSWER: B

Female oocyte is nourished by:

1. surrounding tissues

2. mucous

3. yolk inclusions

4. glycogen inclusions

5. cortical granules

ANSWER: C

Chromosomal set of human oocyte at the beginning of fertilization:

1. 46 s-chromosomes

2. 46 d- chromosomes

3. 23 s-chromosomes

4. 23 d- chromosomes

5. 22 s-chromosomes

ANSWER: D

Karyotype of mature human oocyte :

1. 22 autosomes + 1 X + 1 Y sex chromosome

2. 22 autosomes + 1 X sex chromosome

3. 22 autosomes + 1 Y sex chromosome

4. 22 autosomes + 1 X or Y sex chromosome

5. 22 pairs autosomes+ 1 pair sex chromosome.

ANSWER: B

When does oocyte fulfill the ovogenesis?

1. in pubertation

2. in Graafian follicle

3. moving in uterine tube

4. at fertilization

5. during implantation

ANSWER: D

What is the type of human oocyte?

1. polilecithal, oligolecithal, II type

2. alecithal, izolecithal, I type

3. polilecithal, alecithal, II type

4. izolecithal, polilecithal, I type

5. olygolecithal, izolecithal, II type

ANSWER: E

Which tunics does oocyte have?

1. Theca externa, theca interna, oolema

2. Theca externa, theca interna, follicular antrum

3. Corona radiata, zona pelucida, oolema

4. Corona radiata, tunica of fertilization, oolema

5. Corona radiata, zona pelucida, cortical granules

ANSWER: C

What is outermost tunic of oocyte?

1. mitochondrial sheath

2. corona radiata

3. zona pellucida

4. oolemma

5. cortical layer

ANSWER: C

What is the middle tunic of oocyte?

1. mitochondrial sheath

2. corona radiata

3. zona pellucida

4. oolemma

5. cortical layer

ANSWER: C

What is innermost tunic of oocyte?

1. mitochondrial sheath

2. corona radiata

3. zona pellucida

4. oolemma

5. cortical layer

ANSWER: D

Which inclusions are present in oocyte?

1. protein

2. lipids

3. yolk

4. glycogen

5. pigmental

ANSWER: C

Location of yolk inclusions in oocyte:

1. at the middle of cell

2. at the vegetative pole

3. at the animal pole

4. under oolemma

5. dispersed

ANSWER: E

Location of nucleus in human oocyte:

1. at the centre

2. right under cell membrane

3. eccentrically

4. at the animal pole

5. at the vegetative pole

ANSWER: C

Which organelle produces yolk inclusions in oocyte?

1. acrosome

2. smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body

3. rough endoplasmic reticulum

4. free ribosomes

5. fixed ribosomes

ANSWER: B

Which structures are disposed in the cortical layer of oocyte?

1. yolk inclusions

2. dictiosomes of Golgi body

3. cortical granules

4. mitochondria

5. axial fibers

ANSWER: C

Which general organelle is absent in oocyte?

1. mitochondria

2. Golgi body

3. ribosomes

4. endoplasmic reticulum

5. cell center

ANSWER: E

What does the sex of embryo depend on?

1. chromosomes of oocyte

2. autosomes of oocyte

3. autosomes of spermatozoon

4. gonosome of oocyte

5. gonosome of spermatozoon

ANSWER: E

What organelle does not oocyte have?

1. mitochondria

2. centrosome

3. granules

4. inclusions

5. nucleus

ANSWER: B

What does spermatozoon do in fertilization?

1. adds half of chromosomes

2. nourishes zygote

3. proves implantation

4. protects zygote

5. adds acrosome

ANSWER: A

What is capacitation?

1. reotaxis

2. stygmotaxis

3. special activation of spermatozoa

4. chemotaxis

5. adhesion of spermatozoa

ANSWER: C

Where does fertilization normally occur?

1. in ovary

2. in uterine tube

3. in uterine

4. in uterine gland

5. in uterine mucosa

ANSWER: B

Main result of fertilization is:

1. protection of zygote

2. nourishment of zygote

3. movement of zygote

4. renewing of diploid chromosomal set

5. renewing of haploid chromosomal set

ANSWER: D

What does cortical reaction mean?

1. disappearance of granulosa cells

2. solution of oolemma

3. releasing of cortical granules into the perivitelline space

4. second meiotic division of oocyte

5. fusion of germ cells

ANSWER: C

What is fertilization?

1. cortical reaction of oocyte

2. spermatozoa movement toward

3. fusion of germ cells

4. oocyte nutrition

5. none of above mentioned

ANSWER: C

Stages of fertilization:

1. early and late

2. slow and fast

3. distant and contact

4. outer and inner

5. regular and irregular

ANSWER: C

Which process the distant stage of fertilization begins with?

1. capacitation

2. rheotaxis

3. stygmotaxis

4. chemotaxis

5. denudation

ANSWER: A

Contact stage of fertilization begins with:

1. rheotaxis

2. stygmotaxis

3. denudation

4. chemotaxis

5. capacitation

ANSWER: C

What does denudation mean?

1. special activation of spermatozoa

2. fusion of germ cells

3. oocyte nutrition

4. disappearance of corona radiata

5. introduction of spermatozoon in oocyte

ANSWER: D

What does acrosomal reaction mean?

1. special activation of spermatozoa

2. fusion of germ cells

3. effusion of acrosomal enzymes

4. disappearance of corona radiata

5. introduction of spermatozoon in oocyte

ANSWER: C

What is the function of acrosomal reaction?

1. penetration of oocyte tunics

2. denudation of corona radiata

3. penetration of corona radiata

4. penetration of zona pelucida

5. penetration of oolema

ANSWER: A

What does penetration mean?

1. special activation of spermatozoa

2. fusion of germ cells

3. oocyte nutrition

4. disappearance of corona radiata

5. introduction of spermatozoon in oocyte

ANSWER: E

Name the stages of fertilization.

1. early and late

2. uterine and tubal

3. distant and contact

4. adhesion and invasion

5. capacitation and stygmotaxis

ANSWER: C

Where is periviteline space disposed?

1. between oolema and zona pelucida

2. between oolema and corona radiata

3. between trophoblast and embrioblast

4. between trophoblast and tunica of fertilization

5. between two uterine glands

ANSWER: A

When does periviteline space appear?

1. after ovulation

2. during oocyte maturation

3. in fertilization

4. after cleavage

5. after implantation

ANSWER: C

Who lies in the periviteline space?

1. spermatozoon

2. polar body

3. synkarion

4. tunic of fertilization

5. spermatozoon tail

ANSWER: B

Chromosomal set of polar body:

1. 46 s-chromosomes

2. 46 d- chromosomes

3. 23 s-chromosomes

4. 23 d- chromosomes

5. 22 s-chromosomes

ANSWER: C

What is synkarion?

1. zygote

2. cell with two pronuclei

3. multicellular organism

4. group of cells

5. spermatozoon, which penetrate the ovum

ANSWER: B

Name the unicellular organism with two pronuclei, which appear at fertilization.

1. synkarion

2. oocyte

3. zygote

4. morule

5. blastocyst

ANSWER: A

What is male pronucleus?

1. synkarion nucleus

2. oocyte nucleus

3. nucleus of spermatozoon

4. zygote nucleus

5. polar body nucleus

ANSWER: C

What is female pronucleus?

1. synkarion nucleus

2. oocyte nucleus

3. nucleus of spermatozoon

4. zygote nucleus

5. polar body nucleus

ANSWER: B

What does fertilization result in?

1. cortical reaction

2. acrosome reaction

3. denudation

4. penetration

5. zygote formation

ANSWER: E

What is zygote?

1. unicellular organism with male and female pronuclei

2. double cellular organism with diploid chromosomal set

3. unicellular organism with haploid chromosomal set

4. double cellular organism with haploid chromosomal set

5. unicellular organism with diploid chromosomal set

ANSWER: E

Usually fertilization occurs:

1. in Graafian follicle

2. in peritoneal cavity

3. in uterine tube

4. in uterus

5. in vagina

ANSWER: C

What is the result of fertilization?

1. formation of blastula

2. acrosomal reaction

3. zygote formation

4. denudation

5. penetration

ANSWER: C

What does cortical reaction mean?

1. special activation of spermatozoa

2. effusion of cortical granules in fertilization

3. disappearance of corona radiata

4. fusion of germ cells

5. introduction of spermatozoon in oocyte

ANSWER: B

What does cortical reaction result in?

1. denudation

2. capacitation

3. penetration

4. tunic of fertilization appearance

5. twins development

ANSWER: D

Which special process promotes the monospermy?

1. cortical reaction

2. acrosomal reaction

3. denudation

4. penetration

5. chemotaxis

ANSWER: A

What is the main aim of cortical reaction?

1. special activation of spermatozoa

2. fusion of germ cells

3. oocyte nutrition

4. disappearance of corona radiata

5. to prove monospermy

ANSWER: E

Which structure appears as a result of cortical reaction?

1. tunic of fertilization

2. female pronucleus

3. male pronucleus

4. zygote

5. cell center

ANSWER: A

What is the function of cortical reaction?

1. proves monospermy

2. proves polyspermy

3. proves penetration

4. proves denudation

5. proves second meiotic division

ANSWER: A

What are the oocyte functions in fertilization?

1. adds centriole

2. adds acrosome

3. determines sex

4. adds chromosomes, nutrition and protection

5. movement

ANSWER: D

Name the unicellular organism, which appear in fertilization after two pronuclei fusion?

1. synkarion

2. oocyte

3. zygote

4. morule

5. blastocyst

ANSWER: C

Indicate the human zygote life span.

1. 30 hours

2. 2 days

3. 3-4 hours

4. 7 days

5. 10 hours

ANSWER: A

Which structure promotes monospermy?

1. macrophages

2. tunic of fertilization

3. pH of tubal environment

4. corona radiata

5. acrosomal enzymes

ANSWER: B

When does tunic of fertilization disappear?

1. at the 2^nd day after fertilization

2. at the 3^rd day after fertilization

3. at the 6-7^th day after fertilization

4. at the 10^th 2^nd day after fertilization

5. at the 2^nd week after fertilization

ANSWER: C

Why does tunic of fertilization disappear?

1. as a result of cortical reaction

2. because of acrosomal reaction

3. as a result of denudation

4. as a result of capacitation

5. it is solved by trophoblast

ANSWER: E

Next stage of embryogenesis after the fertilization:

1. cleavage

2. early gastrulation

3. late gastrulation

4. neurulation

5. histogenesis

ANSWER: A

What does cleavage mean?

1. special activation of spermatozoa

2. fusion of germ cells

3. oocyte nutrition

4. fast division with shot interphase

5. disappearance of corona radiata

ANSWER: D

What does cleavage result in?

1. cortical reaction

2. acrosomal reaction

3. multicellular organism formation

4. multilayered organism formation

5. zygote formation

ANSWER: C

Human embryo cleavage occurs:

1. 1 – 3 hours after fertilization

2. 1 – 30 hours after fertilization

3. 30 h – till 7^th day after fertilization

4. 1 – 5^th days after fertilization

5. 1 –7^th days after fertilization

ANSWER: C

What is the type of human embryo cleavage?

1. full, synchronic, subequal

2. partial, synchronic, subequal

3. partial, asynchronic, subequal

4. full, asynchronic, subequal

5. full, synchronic, equal

ANSWER: D

Which structure is bigger?

1. oocyte

2. synkarion

3. zygote

4. morula

5. all are equal

ANSWER: E

When does the two-cell stage of cleavage begin?

1. immediately after fertilization

2. 3 hours after fertilization

3. 30 hours after fertilization

4. 3 days after fertilization

5. immediately after implantation

ANSWER: C

What does morula mean?

1. unicellular organism

2. vesicle

3. multicellular blastula without space

4. trophoblast and embryoblast

5. blastocoel

ANSWER: C

How many blastomers does morula have?

1. 1-8

2. 2-8

3. 16-32

4. 64-99

5. 64-107

ANSWER: C

What is the type of human blastula?

1. celoblastula

2. periblastula

3. amphyblastula

4. blastocyst

5. discoblastula

ANSWER: D

What does blastocyst consist of?

1. trophoblast and space

2. embryoblast and space

3. trophoblast and embryoblast

4. blastoderm

5. blastocyst cavity

ANSWER: C

What is blastoderm?

1. space of blastula

2. animal pole

3. vegetative pole

4. wall of blastula

5. fluid of blastula

ANSWER: D

Which poles does blastula have?

1. animal and vegetative

2. central and peripheral

3. principal and additional

4. upper and lower

5. large and small

ANSWER: A

Cells of blastula are termed:

1. synkarions

2. zygotes

3. blastomeres

4. polocytes

5. follicular cells

ANSWER: C

What does trophoblast consist of?

1. middle sized blastomeres

2. small light blastomeres

3. large light blastomeres

4. small dark blastomeres

5. large dark blastomeres

ANSWER: B

What does embryoblast consist of?

1. middle sized blastomeres

2. small light blastomeres

3. large light blastomeres

4. small dark blastomeres

5. large dark blastomeres

ANSWER: E

What does “free blasocyst” mean?

A. morule in uterine cavity

B. blasocyst at the 5^th -7^th days

C. blastula in uterine tube

D. blastula without space inside

E. implanting blasocyst

ANSWER: B

What does implantation mean?

A. nutrition of embryo

B. maturation of embryo

C. introduction of embryo into endometrium

D. movement of embryo

E. enlargement of embryo

ANSWER: C

Main aim of implantation:

A. transition into hemochorial nutrition

B. fixation of embryo

C. enlargement of embryo

D. protection of embryo

E. multilayered organism formation

ANSWER: A

What stages of implantation do you know?

A. primary and secondary

B. early and late

C. cleavage and gastrulation

D. adhesion and invasion

E. growth and maturation

ANSWER: D

First stage of implantation:

A. primary

B. secondary

C. cleavage

D. adhesion

E. invasion

ANSWER: D

Second stage of implantation:

A. primary

B. secondary

C. cleavage

D. adhesion

E. invasion

ANSWER: E

Normal site of implantation

A. uterine body or fundus

B. uterine tube ampullar part

C. uterine tube isthmic part

D.uterine cervix

E. vagina

ANSWER: A

When does implantation usually begin?

A. During the 1^st day after fertilization

B. During 3^rd days after fertilization

C. During 6^th days after fertilization

D. During 12^th days after fertilization

E. During 14^th days after fertilization

ANSWER: C

Normal site of implantation:

1. vagina

2. uterine tube ampullar part

3. uterine tube isthmic part

4. uterine cervix

5. uterine body or fundus

ANSWER: E

216. Next stage of embryogenesis after cleavage:

     1. neurulation

     2. late gastrulation

     3. early gastrulation

     4. histogenesis

     5. Organogenesis

ANSWER: D

217. What does gastrulation mean?

     1. special activation of spermatozoa

     2. fusion of germ cells

     3. unicellular organism with male and female pronuclei

     4. fast division with shot interphase

     5. formation of multilayered organism

ANSWER: D

218. Human embryo gastrulation lasts:

     1. 7-17^th days

     2. 1-7^th days

     3. 5-15^th days

     4. 2 weeks

     5. 2 months

ANSWER: A

219. What stages of gastrulation do you know?

     1. early and late

     2. primary and secondary

     3. cleavage and gastrulation

     4. adhesion and invasion

     5. growth and maturation

ANSWER: A

220. Human embryo early gastrulation lasts:

     1. 1-7^th days

     2. 7-14^th days

     3. 14-17^th days

     4. 2 weeks

     5. 2 months

ANSWER: B

221. Type of human embryo early gastrulation:

     1. invagination

     2. epiboly

     3. migration

     4. delamination

     5. by primitive streak

ANSWER: D

222. When does early gastrulation of human embryo begin?

     1. during 1^st day after fertilization

     2. during 3^rd days after fertilization

     3. during 7^th days after fertilization

     4. during 14^th days after fertilization

     5. during 27^th days after fertilization

ANSWER: C

223. What does early gastrulation mean?

     1. special activation of spermatozoa

     2. formation of unicellular organism

     3. formation of multicellular organism

     4. formation of bilaminar organism

     5. formation of trilaminar organism

ANSWER: E

224. Which layers of 7-14 days germ disk do you know?

     1. epiblast and hypoblast

     2. cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     3. embrioblast and trophoblast

     4. syncarion and zygote

     5. ectoderm, mesoderm and entoderm

ANSWER: A

225. What does early gastrulation result in?

     1. formation of unicellular organism

     2. formation of multicellular organism

     3. fast division with shot interphase

     4. formation of bilaminar organism

     5. formation of trilaminar organism

ANSWER: D

226. Which structures originate as a result of early gastrulation?

     1. ectoderm and endoderm

     2. ectoderm and mesoderm

     3. endoderm and mesoderm

     4. mesoderm

     5. nerve tube

ANSWER: A

227. What does late gastrulation mean?

     1. special activation of spermatozoa

     2. formation of unicellular organism

     3. *formation of multicellular organism

     4. formation of bilaminar organism

     5. formation of trilaminar organism

ANSWER: E

228. When does late gastrulation of human embryo begin?

     1. during 1st day after fertilization

     2. during 3^rd day after fertilization

     3. during 7^th day after fertilization

     4. during 14^th day after fertilization

     5. during 27^th day after fertilization

ANSWER: D

229. Human embryo late gastrulation lasts:

     1. 1-7^th days

     2. 7-14^th days

     3. 14-17^th days

     4. 2 weeks

     5. 2 months

ANSWER: C

230. What does late gastrulation mainly result in?

     1. formation of unicellular organism

     2. formation of multicellular organism

     3. fast division with shot interphase

     4. mesoderm formation

     5. formation of multinuclear organism

ANSWER: D

231. Which layers of 14-17 days germ disk do you know?

     1. Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

     2. Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     3. Embrioblast and trophoblast

     4. Ectoderm and entoderm

     5. Syncarion and zygote

ANSWER: A

232. What does neurulation mean?

     1. special activation of spermatozoa

     2. formation of unicellular organism

     3. *formation of multicellular organism

     4. formation of bilaminar organism

     5. nerve tube formation

ANSWER: E

233. Type of human embryo late gastrulation:

     1. enterocoelic

     2. teloblastic

     3. delamination

     4. epiboly

     5. migration with primitive streak formation

ANSWER: R

234. Which structures usually originate as a result of late gastrulation?

     1. ectoderm and endoderm

     2. ectoderm and mesoderm

     3. endoderm and mesoderm

     4. mesoderm

     5. mesenchyme

ANSWER: D

235. Which structures originate in the body of human embryo in the course of late gastrulation?

     1. ectoderm and endoderm

     2. ectoderm and mesoderm

     3. endoderm and mesoderm

     4. three germ layers

     5. mesenchyme

ANSWER: D

236. What does ectoderm mean?

     1. outer germ layer

     2. inner germ layer

     3. intermediate germ layer

     4. connective tissue of embryo

     5. primitive axis of the embryo

ANSWER: S

237. What does endoderm mean?

     1. outer germ layer

     2. inner germ layer

     3. intermediate germ layer

     4. connective tissue of embryo

     5. primitive axis of the embryo

ANSWER: B

238. What does mesoderm mean?

     1. outer germ layer

     2. inner germ layer

     3. intermediate germ layer

     4. connective tissue of embryo

     5. primitive axis of the embryo

ANSWER: C

239. What does mesenchyme mean?

     1. outer germ layer

     2. inner germ layer

     3. intermediate germ layer

     4. connective tissue of embryo

     5. primitive axis of the embryo

ANSWER: D

240. What does notochord mean?

     1. outer germ layer

     2. inner germ layer

     3. intermediate germ layer

     4. connective tissue of embryo

     5. primitive axis of the embryo

ANSWER: E

241. What does histogenesis mean?

     1. special activation of spermatozoa

     2. formation of unicellular organism

     3. *formation of multicellular organism

     4. formation of bilaminar organism

     5. nerve tube formation

ANSWER: R

242. What does differentiation mean?

     1. appearance of differences in cells of embryo

     2. increase of cells size

     3. increase of cells amount

     4. cells interaction which result in some changes

     5. limitation of cells development ways

ANSWER: S

243. What does proliferation mean?

     1. appearance of differences in cells of embryo

     2. increase of cells size

     3. increase of cells amount

     4. cells interaction which result in some changes

     5. limitation of cells development ways

ANSWER: C

244. What is induction?

     1. appearance of differences in cells of embryo

     2. increase of cells size

     3. increase of cells amount

     4. cells interaction which result in some changes

     5. limitation of cells development ways

ANSWER: D

245. What does commiting mean?

     1. appearance of differences in cells of embryo

     2. increase of cells size

     3. increase of cells amount

     4. cells interaction which result in some changes

     5. limitation of ways of cells development

ANSWER: E

246. What types of blastocyst cells do you know?

     1. synkaryon and zygote

     2. embryoblast and trophoblast

     3. oocyte and spermatozoa

     4. cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     5. morule and blastula

ANSWER: B

247. Which blastocyst compound undergoes delamination?

     1. epiblast

     2. Bembryoblast

     3. trophoblast

     4. hypoblast

     5. blastoderm

ANSWER:

248. Which structures appear as a result of embryoblast delamination?

     1. cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     2. endoderm and mesoderm

     3. epiblast and hypoblast

     4. neural tube and notochord

     5. morula and blastula

ANSWER: C

249. What does epiblast mean?

     1. embryonic ectoderm

     2. embryonic endoderm

     3. mesoderm

     4. primary ectoderm

     5. primary endoderm

ANSWER: D

250. What does hypoblast mean?

     1. embryonic ectoderm

     2. embryonic endoderm

     3. mesoderm

     4. primary ectoderm

     5. primary endoderm

ANSWER: R

251. What is primary ectoderm of human embryo?

     1. epiblast

     2. embryoblast

     3. trophoblast

     4. hypoblast

     5. blastoderm

ANSWER: E

252. What is primary endoderm of human embryo?

     1. epiblast

     2. embryoblast

     3. trophoblast

     4. hypoblast

     5. blastoderm

ANSWER: D

253. What is embryonic disk?

     1. place of amniotic sac junction with trophoblast

     2. place of embryoblast junction with trophoblast

     3. place of amniotic sac junction with yolk sac

     4. hypoblast junction with trophoblast

     5. hypoblast junction with yolk sac

ANSWER: C

254. Where does embryonic disk lie?

     1. in epiblast

     2. in embryoblast

     3. in trophoblast

     4. in hypoblast

     5. between amniotic sac and yolk sac

ANSWER: E

255. What does embryonic disk consist of?

     1. epiblast

     2. hypoblast

     3. bottom of amniotic sac and roof of yolk sac

     4. embryoblast

     5. trophoblast

ANSWER: C

256. Who connects the amniotic sac and trophoblast at early embryogenesis?

     1. epiblast

     2. connecting stalk

     3. trophoblast

     4. hypoblast

     5. allantois

ANSWER: B

257. What does amniotic sac of human embryo originate from?

     1. epiblast

     2. embryoblast

     3. trophoblast

     4. hypoblast

     5. blastoderm

ANSWER: A

258. Mechanism of amniotic sac origin:

     1. delamination

     2. epiboly

     3. migrationt

     4. cavitation

     5. invagination

ANSWER: D

259. What does the wall of amnion consist of?

     1. extraembryonic ectoderm and mesenchyme

     2. embryoblast

     3. extraembryonic endoderm and mesenchyme

     4. trophoblast

     5. mesoderm

ANSWER: A

260. What type of amniotic epithelium do you know?

     1. supportive, secretory

     2. squamous, cuboidal

     3. endocrine, exocrine

     4. simple, stratified

     5. cuboidal, columnar

ANSWER: E

261. When does amnion originate in embryogenesis?

     1. 3^rd week

     2. 2^nd week

     3. 1^st week

     4. 4^th week

     5. 5^th week

ANSWER: A

262. What does amniotic epithelium originate from?

     1. extraembryonic ectoderm

     2. mesenchyme

     3. extraembryonic endoderm

     4. trophoblast

     5. connecting stalk

ANSWER: A

263. Location of cuboidal amniotic epithelium?

     1. everywhere in amnion except of placenta

     2. over placenta

     3. over chorionic villi

     4. in the umbilical cord

     5. in the allantois

ANSWER: A

264. Location of columnar amniotic epithelium?

     1. over embryo

     2. over placenta

     3. over chorionic villi

     4. in the umbilical cord

     5. in the allantois

ANSWER: B

265. Amnion main function:

     1. supportive, secretory

     2. protective

     3. endocrine, exocrine

     4. respiration, immune protection

     5. source of primary gonocytoblasts and hemocytoblasts

ANSWER: B

266. Cuboidal amniotic epithelium function:

     1. secretion of amniotic fluid

     2. absorption of amniotic fluid

     3. endocrine

     4. respiratory

     5. source of primary gonocytoblasts and hemocytoblasts

ANSWER: B

267. Columnar amniotic epithelium function:

     1. secretion of amniotic fluid

     2. absorption of amniotic fluid

     3. endocrine

     4. respiratory

     5. source of primary gonocytoblasts and hemocytoblasts

ANSWER: A

268. What does yolk sac of human embryo originate from?

     1. epiblast

     2. embryoblast

     3. trophoblast

     4. hypoblast

     5. blastoderm

ANSWER: B

269. When does yolk sac appear?

     1. 3^rd week

     2. 2^nd week

     3. 1^st week

     4. 4^th week

     5. 5^th week

ANSWER: A

270. What does the wall of yolk sac consist of?

     1. extraembryonic ectoderm and mesenchyme

     2. embryoblast

     3. extraembryonic endoderm and mesenchyme

     4. trophoblast

     5. mesoderm

ANSWER: C

271. What does yolk sac epithelium originate from?

     1. extraembryonic ectoderm

     2. mesenchyme

     3. extraembryonic endoderm

     4. trophoblast

     5. connecting stalk

ANSWER: C

272. Yolk sac functions:

     1. supportive, secretory

     2. protective

     3. endocrine, exocrine

     4. respiration, immune protection

     5. source of primary gonocytoblasts and hemocytoblasts

ANSWER: E

273. Where does primary gonocytoblasts appear in embryogenesis?

     1. epithelium of amniotic sac

     2. mesenchyme

     3. yolk sac epithelium

     4. trophoblast

     5. yolk sac connective tissue

ANSWER: C

274. Where does primary hemocytoblasts appear in embryogenesis?

     1. epithelium of amniotic sac

     2. mesenchyme

     3. yolk sac epithelium

     4. trophoblast

     5. yolk sac connective tissue

ANSWER: E

275. What does allantois originate from?

     1. extraembryonic ectoderm

     2. mesenchyme

     3. extraembryonic endoderm

     4. embryonic endoderm

     5. connecting stalk

ANSWER: C

276. When does allantois begin its development?

     1. 1^st week

     2. 3^rd week

     3. 2^nd week

     4. 4^th week

     5. 5^th week

ANSWER: B

277. What does the allantois consist of?

     1. extraembryonic ectoderm and mesenchyme

     2. embryoblast

     3. extraembryonic endoderm and mesenchyme

     4. trophoblast

     5. mesoderm

ANSWER: A

278. Functions of allantois:

     1. supportive, secretory

     2. protective

     3. endocrine, exocrine

     4. respiration, immune protection

     5. source of primary gonocytoblasts and hemocytoblasts

ANSWER: D

279. What is the origin of umbilical cord?

     1. amniotic stalk

     2. trophoblast

     3. chorion

     4. embryoblast

     5. yolk sac

ANSWER: A

280. Which vessels does umbilical cord have?

     1. one artery and two veins

     2. one artery and one vein

     3. two arteries and two veins

     4. nothing

     5. two arteries and one vein

ANSWER: E

281. Who covers the umbilical cord?

     1. yolk sac epithelium

     2. amniotic epithelium

     3. allantois

     4. trophoblast

     5. connecting stalk

ANSWER: B

282. What does umbilical cord is filled with?

     1. allantois

     2. vessels

     3. Wharton’s jelly

     4. amniotic cavity

     5. yolk sac

ANSWER: C

283. What is the embryonic source of chorion?

     1. epiblast

     2. embryoblast

     3. trophoblast

     4. hypoblast

     5. mesenchyme

ANSWER: C

284. Which layers does trophoblast consist of in gastrulation?

     1. epiblast and hypoblast

     2. cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     3. ectoderm and endoderm

     4. ectoderm and mesoderm

     5. endoderm and mesoderm

ANSWER: B

285. What does chorion with villi term?

     1. chorion frondosum

     2. chorion degenerative

     3. chorion leave

     4. stem chorion

     5. branched chorion

ANSWER: A

286. What does chorion without villi term?

     1. chorion frondosum

     2. chorion degenerative

     3. chorion leave

     4. stem chorion

     5. branched chorion

ANSWER: C

287. What type of villi do you know?

     1. frondosum and laeve

     2. chorionic and amniotic

     3. basalis, parietalis, capsularis

     4. maternal and fetal

     5. primary, secondary, tertiary

ANSWER: E

288. What does primary chorionic villus consist of?

     1. cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     2. trophoblast and mesenchyme

     3. trophoblast, mesenchyme and blood vessels

     4. mesenchyme and blood vessels

     5. blood vessels

ANSWER: A

289. What does secondary chorionic villus consist of?

     1. cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     2. trophoblast and mesenchyme

     3. trophoblast, mesenchyme and blood vessels

     4. mesenchyme and blood vessels

     5. blood vessels

ANSWER: B

290. What does tertiary chorionic villus consist of?

     1. cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

     2. trophoblast and mesenchyme

     3. trophoblast, mesenchyme and blood vessels

     4. mesenchyme and blood vessels

     5. blood vessels

ANSWER: C

291. What types of chorion do you know?

     1. maternal and fetal

     2. frondosum and laeve

     3. chorionic and amniotic

     4. basalis, parietalis, capsularis

     5. primary, secondary, tertiary

ANSWER: B

292. What decidual layers of endometrium do you know?

     1. frondosum and laeve

     2. chorionic and amniotic

     3. basalis, parietalis, capsularis

     4. maternal and fetal

     5. primary, secondary, tertiary

ANSWER: C

293. What decidual layer of endometrium disappears in the second half of pregnancy?

     1. centralis

     2. chorionic

     3. basalis

     4. parietalis

     5. capsularis

ANSWER: E

294. What does placenta consist of?

     1. chorionic and amniotic

     2. fetal and maternal portions

     3. basalis, parietalis, capsularis

     4. central and peripheral

     5. primary, secondary, tertiary villi

ANSWER: B

295. What is the type of human placenta due to its structure?

     1. epitheliochorial

     2. desmochorial

     3. endotheliochorial

     4. hemochorial

     5. amniochorial

ANSWER: D

296. What is the type of human placenta due to the type of embryo nourishment?

     1. primary

     2. secondary

     3. tertiary

     4. simple

     5. compound

ANSWER: B

297. What is the shape of human placenta?

     1. diffuse

     2. dispersed

     3. tape like

     4. discoid

     5. irregular

ANSWER: D

298. What is the structural unit of placenta?

     1. amnion

     2. allantois

     3. decidual plate

     4. umbilical cord

     5. cotyledon

ANSWER: E

299. Which types of villi are present in placenta?

     1. primary, secondary

     2. chorionic and amniotic

     3. anchoring and trophic

     4. maternal and fetal

     5. primary, secondary, tertiary

ANSWER: C

300. What does hemochorial barrier include?

     1. endometrium and wall of the villus

     2. amnion and wall of the villus

     3. wall of capillary, Wharton’s jelly, wall of the villus

     4. maternal and fetal membranes

     5. wall of the villus and maternal blood

ANSWER: C

301. Function of placental hemochorial barrier:

     1. constitute the skeleton of placenta

     2. production of blood cells

     3. absorption of amniotic fluid

     4. secretion of amniotic fluid

     5. separates fetal and maternal blood

ANSWER: E

302. Who “washes” the chorionic villi in placenta?

     1. fetal blood

     2. maternal blood

     3. amniotic fluid

     4. lymph

     5. milk

ANSWER: B

303. Hemochorial barrier is permeable for:

     1. long molecular poisons

     2. bacteria

     3. gases and nutrients

     4. long molecular proteins

     5. amniotic fluid

ANSWER: C

304. Hemochorial barrier is impermeable for:

     1. nutrients

     2. bacteria

     3. gases

     4. low molecular proteins

     5. glucose

ANSWER: B

305. What is the origin of skeletal muscles?

     1. Ectoderm

     2. Mesoderm

     3. Myotome

     4. Dermatome

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: C

306. What is the origin of stomach?

     1. Ectoderm

     2. Endoderm

     3. Mesoderm

     4. Neural tube

     5. Notochord

ANSWER: B

307. What is the origin of connective tissue?

     1. Mesoderm

     2. Endoderm

     3. Ectoderm

     4. Mesenchyme

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: D

308. What is the origin of nervous system?

     1. Ectoderm

     2. Mesoderm

     3. Dermatome

     4. Myotome

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: A

309. What is the origin of myocardium?

     1. Mesoderm

     2. Ectoderm

     3. Myotome

     4. Myoepicardial plate

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: D

310. What is the origin of epidermis?

     1. Ectoderm

     2. Mesoderm

     3. Dermatome

     4. Myotome

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: A

311. What is the origin of blood cell?

     1. Mesoderm

     2. Dermatome

     3. Myotome

     4. Mesenchyme

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: D

312. What is the origin of smooth muscles?

     1. Mesenchyme

     2. Mesoderm

     3. Dermatome

     4. Myotome

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: A

313. What is the origin of bones?

     1. Mesoderm

     2. Dermatome

     3. Myotome

     4. Ectoderm

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: E

314. What is the origin of derma?

     1. Mesoderm

     2. Ectoderm

     3. Myotome

     4. Dermatome

     5. Sclerotome

ANSWER: D

315. What is the origin of kidney?

     1. Ectoderm

     2. Dermatome

     3. Myotome

     4. Sclerotome

     5. Nephrogonotome

ANSWER: E

316. What does tissue consists of?

     1. cells

     2. noncellular structures

     3. cells and noncellular structures

     4. cells and fibers

     5. fibers and ground substance

answer: c

317. Which groups of tissues do you know?

     1. general and special

     2. complete and partial

     3. external and internal

     4. simple and compound

     5. deep and superfitial

answer: a

318. Special tissues are the next:

     1. muscular and nervous

     2. epithelium and muscular

     3. connective tissues

     4. blood and lymph

     5. tissues of inner environment

answer: a

319. General tissues are the next:

     1. epithelium and muscular

     2. epithelia and tissues of inner environment

     3. muscular and nervous

     4. connective tissues and muscular

     5. blood and lymph

answer: b

320. Epithelia belong to:

     1. special tissues

     2. connective tissues

     3. general tissues

     4. contractile tissues

     5. specific tissues

answer: c

321. Morphofunctional classification of epithelial tissues is based on:

     1. epitheliocytes attitude to basement membrane

     2. polarity of epitheliocytes

     3. special junctions of epitheliocytes

     4. blood and lymph supply

     5. special organelles of epitheliocytes

answer: a

322. Morphofunctional types of epithelial tissues:

     1. dry and mucous

     2. simple and stratified

     3. cuboidal and columnar

     4. lining and glandular epithelia

     5. special and general

answer: d

323. Morphofunctional types of lining epithelial tissues:

     1. dry and mucous

     2. simple and stratified

     3. squamous and columnar

     4. cuboidal and columnar

     5. special and general

answer: b

324. What epithelium is named simple (unilayered)?

     1. keratinized

     2. in which not all cells lie on a basement membrane

     3. in which cells do not lie on a basement membrane

     4. in which all cells lie on a basement membrane

     5. urothelium

answer: d

325. Choose the simple epithelium.

     1. squamous

     2. nonkeratinized

     3. secretory

     4. keratinized

     5. transitional

answer: a

326. Choose the simple epithelium.

     1. nonkeratinized

     2. secretory

     3. cuboidal

     4. keratinized

     5. transitional

answer: c

327. Choose the simple epithelium.

     1. nonkeratinized

     2. columnar

     3. secretory

     4. keratinized

     5. transitional

answer: b

328. Which simple epithelium is called isomorphic?

     1. which consists of similar cells

     2. columnar

     3. nonkeratinized

     4. keratinized

     5. transitional

answer: a

329. Which simple epithelium is called unisomorphic?

     1. columnar

     2. nonkeratinized

     3. which consists of different cells

     4. keratinized

     5. transitional

answer: c

330. Which simple epithelium belongs to unisomorphic?

     1. squamous

     2. cuboidal

     3. columnar

     4. keratinized

     5. transitional

answer:

331. Which epithelium is called pseudostratified?

     1. *columnar

     2. nonkeratinized

     3. secretory

     4. keratinized

     5. transitional

answer: c

332. Indicate special organelles of epitheliocytes.

     1. neurofibriles

     2. myofibriles

     3. tonofibriles

     4. microvilli

     5. tonofilaments

answer: c

333. Indicate special organelles of epitheliocytes.

     1. cilia

     2. neurofibrilles

     3. myofibrilles

     4. microvilli

     5. tonofilaments

answer: a

334. Typical feature of epithelium:

     1. has a lot of intercellular substance

     2. regeneration is not prominent

     3. has no nerve endings

     4. has blood vessels

     5. consists mainly of epitheliocytes

answer: e

335. Typical feature of epithelium:

     1. has no intercellular substance

     2. regeneration is not prominent

     3. has no nerve endings

     4. has blood vessels

     5. has fibers

answer: a

336. Typical feature of epithelium:

     1. has blood vessels

     2. regeneration is not prominent

     3. has no nerve endings

     4. is underlined by basement membrane

     5. has a lot of intercellular substance

answer: d

337. Typical feature of epithelium:

     1. has no nerve endings

     2. regeneration is not prominent

     3. polarity

     4. has blood vessels

     5. has a lot of intercellular substance

answer: c

338. Typical feature of epithelium:

     1. has a lot of nerve endings

     2. regeneration is not prominent

     3. has fibers

     4. has blood vessels

     5. has a lot of intercellular substance

answer: a

339. Typical feature of epithelium:

     1. has no nerve endings

     2. has fibers

     3. regeneration is well prominent

     4. has blood vessels

     5. has a lot of intercellular substance

answer: c

340. Epithelium is nourished by:

     1. diffusion from underlying connective tissue

     2. blood vessels

     3. lymphatics

     4. by intercellular substance

     5. by nerve endings

answer: a