1. chondroid

2. mucosa

3. epithelial

4. Connective

5. bony

answer: E

Indicate esophageal tunics.

1. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis

2. mucosa, muscularis

3. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

4. submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

5. submucosa, adventitia

answer: C

What are the relief compounds of esophagus?

1. folds, fields, pits

2. villi and crypts

3. circular folds

4. crypts

5. longitudinal folds (rugae)

answer: E

Layers of esophageal mucosa.

1. mucosa and epithelium

2. epithelium and connective tissue

3. epithelium, muscularis mucosa

4. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

5. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

answer: D

Type of esophageal epithelium

1. stratified squamous keratinized

2. stratified squamous nonkeratinized

3. simple columnar glandular

4. simple columnar brushed

5. simple cuboidal

answer: B

Lamina propria of esophageal mucosa consists of:

1. epithelial tissue

2. muscular tissue

3. loose connective tissue

4. chondroid tissue

5. vessels

answer: C

How many layers are there in the muscularis mucosa of esophagus?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: B

Indicate the structure of esophageal muscularis mucosa.

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: B

Esophageal submucosa consists of:

1. epithelial tissue

2. muscular tissue

3. loose connective tissue

4. chondroid tissue

5. vessels

answer: C

What does muscularis externa consist of in upper part of esophagus?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: D

What does muscularis externa consist of in lower part of esophagus?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: B

Indicate the proper glands of esophagus.

1. cardial

2. proper esophageal glands

3. pyloric glands

4. salivary glands

5. major glands

answer: B

Which glands are disposed in esophageal submucosa?

1. cardial

2. pyloric glands

3. salivary glands

4. proper esophageal glands

5. major glands

answer: D

Indicate the external tunic of esophagus.

1. mucosa

2. submucosa

3. muscularis

4. adventitia

5. serosa

answer: D

Indicate the peculiarity of esophageal muscularis externa in the middle portion of organ?

1. has loose connective tissue

2. has striated skeletal muscular tissue

3. has cardiac muscular tissue

4. has dense connective tissue

5. has smooth and striated muscular tissue

answer: E

What are the relief compounds of stomach?

1. folds, fields, pits,

2. villi and crypts

3. circular folds

4. longitudinal folds (rugae)

5. crypts

answer: A

Indicate the type of gastric epithelium.

1. stratified squamous nonkeratinized

2. simple columnar glandular

3. simple columnar brushed

4. simple cuboidal

5. stratified squamous keratinized

answer: B

Lamina propria of gastric mucosa consists of:

1. epithelial tissue

2. loose connective tissue

3. muscular tissue

4. chondroid tissue

5. vessels

answer: B

How many layers are there in the muscularis mucosa of stomach?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: C

Which types of glands do you know in stomach?

1. simple and compound

2. serous and mucous

3. principle and additional

4. salivary and gastric

5. gastric, cardial and pyloric

answer: E

Main function of the chief cells of stomach is:

1. mucous secretion

2. Н⁺ and Сl^– secretion

3. pepsinogen and chymosin secretion

4. endocrine

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: C

Main function of the parietal cells of stomach is:

1. mucous secretion

2. Н⁺ and Сl^– secretion

3. pepsinogen and chymosin secretion

4. endocrine

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: B

Main function of the endocrine cells of stomach is:

1. mucous secretion

2. Н⁺ and Сl^– secretion

3. pepsinogen and chymosin secretion

4. endocrine regulation

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: D

Main function of the neck mucous cells of stomach is:

1. mucous secretion

2. Н⁺ and Сl^– secretion

3. pepsinogen and chymosin secretion

4. endocrine

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: E

Main function of the mucous cells of stomach is:

1. mucous secretion

2. Н⁺ and Сl^– secretion

3. pepsinogen and chymosin secretion

4. endocrine

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: A

What does muscularis mucosa of stomach consist of?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: C

Gastric submucosa consists of:

1. epithelial tissue

2. loose connective tissue

3. muscular tissue

4. chondroid tissue

5. vessels

answer: B

What does muscularis externa of stomach consist of?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: C

Which glands are disposed in cardia of stomach?

1. cardial glands

2. gastric glands

3. pyloric glands

4. salivary glands

5. major glands

answer: A

Which glands are disposed in the body of stomach?

1. cardial

2. gastric glands

3. pyloric glands

4. esophageal glands

5. major glands

answer: B

Which glands are disposed in pyloric stomach?

1. cardial glands

2. gastric glands

3. pyloric glands

4. salivary glands

5. esophageal glands

answer: C

Which cells are most numerous in gastric glands?

1. chief cells

2. parietal cells

3. endocrine cells

4. mucous neck cells

5. stem cells

answer: A

Which tunic is thickest in the body of stomach?

1. mucosa

2. submucosa

3. muscularis

4. adventitia

5. serosa

answer: A

Which tunic is thickest in the pyloric stomach?

1. mucosa

2. submucosa

3. muscularis externa

4. adventitia

5. serosa

answer: C

Indicate the external tunic of stomach.

1. mucosa

2. submucosa

3. muscularis

4. adventitia

5. serosa

answer: E

What are the relief compounds of small intestine?

1. folds, fields, pits,

2. circular folds, villi and crypts

3. villi

4. circular folds

5. longitudinal folds (rugae)

answer: B

Indicate tunics of small intestine.

1. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis

2. mucosa, muscularis

3. submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

4. submucosa, adventitia

5. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

answer: E

Indicate the type of epithelium in small intestine.

1. stratified squamous nonkeratinized

2. simple columnar glandular

3. simple columnar brushed

4. simple cuboidal

5. stratified squamous keratinized

answer: B

Lamina propria of small intestine mucosa consists of:

1. epithelial tissue

2. loose connective tissue

3. muscular tissue

4. chondroid tissue

5. vessels

answer: B

How many layers are there in the muscularis mucosa of small intestine?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of skeletal muscles

3. two layers of smooth myocytes

4. three layers of smooth myocytes

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: C

What does muscularis mucosa of small intestine consist of?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: B

How many layers are there in the muscularis externa of small intestine?

1. one layer of smooth myocytes

2. two layers of smooth myocytes

3. three layers of smooth myocytes

4. two layers of skeletal muscles

5. three layers of skeletal muscles

answer: B

External tunic of small intestine mainly is:

1. mucosa

2. submucosa

3. muscularis

4. adventitia

5. serosa

answer: E

Which glands do you know in the small intestine?

1. mucous

2. serous

3. mixed

4. no glands

5. Lieberkuhn glands (crypts))

answer: E

Next enterocytes are disposed in the intestinal villi:

1. cuboidal

2. flat and cuboidal

3. goblet and Paneth cells

4. columnar, goblet and endocrine cells

5. columnar brushed and stem cells

answer: D

Principle feature of the brushed cell of intestine is:

1. a lot of mitochondria

2. microvilli on the surface

3. a lot of lysosomes

4. elongated shape

5. tight junctions

answer: B

Principle feature of the goblet cell is:

1. a lot of mitochondria

2. microvilli on the surface

3. well developed Golgi apparatus and mucous inclusions

4. elongated shape

5. tight junctions

answer: C

What kinds of cells are disposed in the intestinal crypts?

1. columnar and goblet

2. goblet, Paneth and endocrine

3. columnar brushed and nonbrushed, Paneth, endocrine and goblet

4. columnar, goblet and endocrine

5. columnar brushed and nonbrushed

answer: C

What is the function of intestinal nonbrushed stem cells?

1. mucous secretion

2. absorption

3. protective and difenzin secretion

4. endocrine

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: E

What is the function of Paneth cells?

1. mucous secretion

2. absorption

3. protective and difenzin secretion

4. endocrine

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: C

What is the function of intestinal goblet cells?

1. mucous secretion

2. absorption

3. protective and difenzin secretion

4. endocrine

5. regeneration of epithelium

answer: A

Which cells promote the regeneration of intestinal epithelium?

1. goblet cells

2. Paneth cells

3. columnar nonbrushed cells

4. endocrine cells

5. columnar brushed cells

answer: C

Indicate the location of the intestinal mucosa stem cells?

1. at the apex of villi

2. at the middle of villi

3. between villi and crypts

4. at the middle of crypts

5. at the bottom of crypts

answer: E

What is Peyer’s patch?

1. aggregation of crypts

2. endocrine cells aggregation

3. lymphoid aggregation

4. intestinal sphincter

5. macrophages aggregation

answer: C

Peyer’s patch mainly consists of:

1. Т–lymphocytes

2. endocrine cells

3. fibroblasts and fibrocytes

4. В–Lymphocytes

5. intestinal macrophages

answer: D

Which glands are present in the duodenum?

1. crypts and duodenal glands

2. crypts

3. duodenal glands

4. mixed glands

5. mucous glands

answer: A

Location of duoudenal glands.

1. in mucosa

2. in submucosa

3. in muscularis externa

4. in adventitia

5. in serosa

answer: B

What are the relief compounds of large intestine?

1. folds, fields, pits,

2. villi and crypts

3. circular folds

4. longitudinal folds (rugae)

5. crypts

answer: e

Which type of epithelium large intestine mucosa is cowered with?

1. stratified squamous nonkeratinized

2. simple columnar glandular

3. simple columnar brushed

4. simple cuboidal

5. stratified squamous keratinized

answer: c

Which cells predominate in large intestine mucosa?

1. Paneth

2. columnar brushed

3. Goblet

4. endocrine

5. columnar nonbrushed

answer: c

Indicate the layers of large intestine mucosa.

1. epithelium, muscularis mucosa

2. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

3. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

4. mucosa and epithelium

5. epithelium and connective tissue

answer: b

Lamina propria of large intestine mucosa consists of:

1. epithelial tissue

2. loose connective tissue

3. muscular tissue

4. chondroid tissue

5. vessels

answer: b

Indicate the main feature of muscularis externa of colon.

1. has 3 layers of smooth myocytes

2. has 1 layer of smooth myocytes

3. external layer is discontinuous (has 3 tenia)

4. has 2 longitudinal layers

5. has skeletal muscles

answer: c

Tunic externa of large intestine mainly is:

1. mucosa

2. submucosa

3. muscularis

4. adventitia

5. serosa

answer: e

Principal feature of the appendix is the next:

1. crypts

2. goblet cells

3. Paneth cells

4. a lot of lymph follicles in the wall

5. mesentery

answer: d

Indicate the type of epithelium in appendix.

1. stratified squamous nonkeratinized

2. simple columnar glandular

3. simple columnar brushed

4. simple cuboidal

5. stratified squamous keratinized

answer: c

Lamina propria of appendix mucosa consists of:

1. epithelial tissue

2. loose connective tissue

3. muscular tissue

4. chondroid tissue

5. vessels

answer: b

Indicate the type of epithelium in pelvic portion of rectum.

1. stratified squamous nonkeratinized

B. simple columnar glandular

C. simple columnar brushed

D. simple cuboidal

E. stratified squamous keratinized

answer: c

Indicate the type of epithelium at the exit of rectum.

1. stratified squamous keratinized

2. simple columnar glandular

3. simple columnar brushed

4. simple cuboidal

5. stratified squamous nonkeratinized

answer: a

Which glands are disposed in submucosa of anal part of rectum?

1. anal glands

2. duodenal glands

3. esophageal glands

4. gastric glands

5. serous glands

answer: a

What is the most specific feature of anal submucosa?

1. hemorrhoidal plexuses

2. loose connective tissue

3. collagen fibers

4. lymphatic

5. nerve endings

answer: a

Outer sphincter of rectum consists of:

1. circular layer of smooth myocytes

2. oblique layer of smooth myocytes

3. longitudinal layer of smooth myocytes

4. 2 layers of smooth myocytes

5. circular layer of skeletal muscle

answer: e

1. What central haemopoietic organs do you know?

A. Red bone marrow, lymph nodes

B. Lymph nodules of respiratory tract

C. Lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa

D. Spleen, lymph nodes

E. Thymus, red bone marrow

ANSWER: E.

2. What peripheral haemopoetic organs do you know?

A. Red bone marrow, spleen

B. Thymus and red bone marrow

C. Thymus, lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa

D. Spleen, lymph nodes

E. Thymus

ANSWER: D.

3. Which organs of antigen independent differentiation of lymphocytes do you know?

A. spleen and lymphatic node

B. lymphatic node and Peyer’s patches

C. red bone marrow and tymus

D. hemolymphatic node and spleen

E. lymphatic node

ANSWER: C.

4. Which organs of antigen dependent differentiation of lymphocytes do you know?

A. spleen, lymphatic nodes and Peyer’s patches

B. lymphatic nodes and thymus

C. red bone marrow and thymus

D. hemolymphatic nodes and spleen

E. lymphatic node and red bone

ANSWER: A.

5. Indicate central haemopoetic organs.

A. spleen, thymus

B. lymphatic nodes, red bone marrow

C. red bone marrow, thymus

D. hemolymphatic nodes, Peyer’s patches

E. spleen, lymphatic nodes

ANSWER: C.

6. Indicate peripheral haemopoetic organs.

A. spleen, thymus

B. lymphatic nodes, red bone marrow

C. red bone marrow, thymus

D. thymus, Peyer’s patches

E. spleen, lymphatic nodes

ANSWER: E.

7. Red bone marrow usually is stained with:

A. hematoxylin and eosin

B. iron hematoxylin

C. sudan

D. orcein

E. Romanowsky-Himsa stain

ANSWER: E.

8. What haemopoetic organs belong to central immune organs?

A. Lymph nodes, spleen

B. Red bonemarrow, lymph nodes

C. Spleen, thymus

D. Thymus, red bone marrow

E. Lymphc nodes and thymus

ANSWER: D.

9. What haemopoetic organs belong to peripheral immune organs?

A. Lymph nodes, spleen

B. Red bonemarrow, lymph nodes

C. Spleen, thymus

D. Thymus, red bone marrow

E. Lymphc nodes and thymus

ANSWER: A.

10. What tissue does the stroma of red bone marrow consist of?

A. epithelial

B. reticular

C. epithelioreticular

D. fibrous connective tissue

E. reticulo-endothelial

ANSWER: B.

11. What tissue does the parenchyma of red bone marrow consist of?

A. myeloid

B. reticular

C. epithelioreticular

D. lymphoid

E. epithelial reticulo-endothelial

ANSWER: A.

12. Which cells aggregations are typical for the parenchyma of red bone marrow?

A. follicles

B. particles

C. cords

D. hemopoietic islets

E. nodes

ANSWER: D.

13. What does dendritic cells belong to?

A. Fixed macrophages

B. Fibroblasts

C. Epitheliocytes with branches

D. Free macrophages

E. Erythrocytes

ANSWER: D.

14. What kind of tissue does stroma of haemopoetic organs consist of?

A. epithelial

B. loose connective

C. bony

D. dense connective

E. reticular

ANSWER: E.

15. Which type of blood capillaries are there in haemopoetic organs?

A. sinusoidal

B. continuous

C. somatic

D. discontinuous

E. fenestrated

ANSWER: A.

16. What is the function of central haemopoetic organs?

A. differentiation of T-lymphoblasts precursors into T-lymphocytes

B. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets

C. blood cells formation and antigenindependent proliferation of lymphocytes

D. antigendependent proliferation of lymphocytes

E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets

ANSWER: C.

17. What is the function of peripheral haemopoetic organs?

A. differentiation of T-lymphoblasts precursors into T-lymphocytes

B. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets

C. all blood cells formation

D. antigendependent proliferation of lymphocytes

E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets

ANSWER: D.

18. What is the main function of red bone marrow?

A. blood cells formation and precursors of T- lymphocytes

B. formation of B-lymphocytes and precursors of T- lymphocytes

C. T- lymphoblasts transformation into T-lymphocytes

D. B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes precursors formation

E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets

ANSWER: A.

19. Indicate the place of thrombocytopoesis in red bone marrow.

A. near endosteum

B. around sinusoidal blood capillary

C. everywhere

D. in bone cavity

E. near periosteum

ANSWER: B.

20. Which cells are the source of all blood cells formation in red bone marrow?

A. blast cells

B. stem cells

C. unipotent cells-precursors

D. differentiating cells

E. differentiated cells

ANSWER: B.

21. In histologic specimen there’re seen macrophages, which are surrounded by erythrocytes at different stages of differentiation. What is this organ?

A. Palatine tonsil

B. Thymus

C. Spleen

D. Red bone marrow

E. Lymphatic node

ANSWER: D.

22. Reticular tissue stroma of hemopoietic organ contains adipocytes, macrophages and osteogenic cells. What is this organ?

A. Thymus

B. Spleen

C. Red bone marrow

D. Lymphatic node

E. Palatine tonsil

ANSWER: C.

23. In electonmicrograph we can see megakaryocyte. Which formed elements are produced by this cell in red bone marrow?

A. platelets (thrombocytes)

B. erythrocytes

C. leucocytes

D. monocytes

E. neutrophils

ANSWER: A.

24. There are two specimens: in the first one we can see mainly erythrocytes and in the second one – different blood formed elements at different stages of development. What are these specimens?

A. Blood and red bone marrow

B. Blood and lymph

C. Blood of frog and blood of man

D. Blood and yellow bone marrow

E. Yellow and red bone marrow

ANSWER: A.

25. Principal feature of yellow bone marrow.

A. active lymphocytopoesis

B. erythropoesis

C. neutrophilopoesis

D. monocytopoiesis

E. replacement of myeloid tissue by adipose

ANSWER: E.

26. Which cells of yellow bone marrow may renew hematopoiesis?

A. reticular cells

B. adipocytes

C. stem cells

D. fibroblasts

E. mesenchymal cells

ANSWER: C.

27. Embryonic source of red bone marrow:

A. ectoderm

B. endoderm

C. mesoderm

D. mesenchyme

E. notochord

ANSWER: D

28. Which organs does thymus belong to?

A. central hemopoietic

B. peripheral hemopoietic

C. endocrine

D. glands

E. indifferent

ANSWER: A.

29. Which tissue does the parenchyma of thymus consist of?

A. myeloid

B. reticular

C. epithelioreticular

D. lymphoid

E. reticulo-endothelial

ANSWER: C.

30. Indicate the stromal tissue of thymus.

A. Myeloid tissue

B. Epithelioreticular tissue

C. Adipose tissue

D. Fibrous connective tissue

E. Dense connective tissue

ANSWER: B.

31. What tissue does thymus originate from?

A. connective tissue

B. fibrous tissue

C. muscular tissue

D. nerve tissue

E. epithelial tissue

ANSWER: E.

32. Which capillaries does thymus have?

A. continuous

B. fenestrated

C. sinusoids

D. somatic

E. irregular

ANSWER: B.

33. Reticular tissue stroma of hemopoietic organ contains epithelioreticular cells. What is this organ?

A. Red bone marrow

B. Spleen

C. Thymus

D. Lymphatic node

E. Palatine tonsil

ANSWER: C.

34. A haemopoetic organ, which consists of irregular shaped lobules, is explored in light microscope. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. What is this organ?

A. Thymus

B. Lymphatic node.

C. Spleen

D. Tonsil

E. Appendix

ANSWER: A.

35. What kind of tissue constitutes parenchyma of thymus?

A. myeloid

B. lymphoid

C. reticular

D. epithelioreticular

E. red and white pulp

ANSWER: B.

36. In electron micrograph of hemopoietic organ numerous lymphocytes are scattered into invaginations of cell membrane. What is this organ?

A. thymus

B. red bone marrow

C. spleen

D. tonsil

E. liver

ANSWER: A.

37. What is lobule parenchyma of thymus?

A. vesicle

B. irregular-shaped aggregation of lymphocytes

C. cord of cells

D. lymph nodule

E. layer of cells

ANSWER: B.

38. Which portions could be identifiyng in the lobule of thymus?

A. cortex and paracortex

B. cortical and medullary layers

C. medullary cords

D. principal and additional

E. red and white pulp

ANSWER: B.

39. Which cells are mainly disposed in the cortex of thymic lobule?

A. T-lymphocytes

B. T-lymphoblasts

C. adipocytes

D. epithelioreticular cells

E. Hassal’s corpuscles

ANSWER: A.

40. Location of Hassal’s corpuscles in thymus:

A. in the connectivetissue septa

B. in the cortical layer of lobule

C. in the medulla of lobule

D. arround blood vessels

E. in capsula

ANSWER: C.

41. Hassal’s corpuscles of thymus consist of:

A. fibroblasts

B. accumulation of myofibroblasts

C. reticuloendothelial cells

D. degeneratively changed ephithelioreticulocyte

E. osteogenic cells

ANSWER: D.

42. Hassal’s corpuscles of thymus staiment are:

A. prominent basophilic

B. light basophilic

C. light oxiphilic

D. prominent oxiphilic

E. neutral

ANSWER: D.

43. Inndicate the structures of hematothymic barrier.

A. endotheliocytes of blood capillary with a basal membrane, perivascular space and reticuloepitheliotcyte

B. capillary wall and fibroblasts of perivascular space

C. perivascular space with macrophages

D. collagen fibers of perivascular space

E. Hassal’s corpuscles

ANSWER: A.

44. What is the shape of epithelioreticular cells of thymus?

A. round

B. oval

C. rectangular

D. irregular with processes

E. poligonal

ANSWER: D.

45. Which function does thymus perform in addition to lymphocytopoietic one?

A. supportive

B. exocrine

C. filtration of blood

D. eccrine

E. endocrine

ANSWER: E.

46. Which hormones does thymus produse?

A. growth-hormone and thymulin

B. thyroxin and thymosin

C. thymosin, thymulin, calcitonin-like

D. parathormone and insulin

E. insulin and calcitonin-like

ANSWER: C.

47. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. It has lobular structure and stroma is made of epithelioreticulocytes with processes. What is this organ?

A. Spleen

B. Red bone marrow

C. Thymus

D. Tonsil

E. Lymph node

ANSWER: C.

48. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. The medulla of lobules is light and contains epithelial Hassal’s corpuscels. What is this organ?

A. Spleen

B. Lymph node

C. Thymus

D. Liver

E. Kidney

ANSWER: C.

49. Under the harmful influence on human body the structure of thymus is being changed: T-lymphocytes are dying and they are being replaced into peripheral organs, the proliferation of epithelioretyiculocytes takes place. What kind of process is this?

A. Accidental involution of thymus

B. Age involution of thymus

C. Hypotrophy of thymus

D. Dystrophy of thymus

E. Atrophy of thymus

ANSWER: A.

50. What is the principal morphological sign of accidental involution of thymus?

A. Development of adipose and connective tissue

B. T-lymphocytes exfusion into blood circulation

C. Mass destruction of T-lymphocytes

D. Developing of epithelial stroma

E. Phagocytosis of non-damaged T-lymphocytes by macrophages

ANSWER: C.

51. Histologic specimen of a 40-years-old man thymus showes the process of thymus parenchymal elements loosing and replacement of them by connective tissue fibers and adipose tissue, enriching with Hassal’s corpuses. Give the definition of such a phenomenon.

A. Accidental involution of thymus

B. Age involution of thymus

C. Hypotrophy of thymus

D. Dystrophy of thymus

E. Atrophy of thymus

ANSWER: B.

52. Mice of mutant line “nude” have no thymus and reaction of cellular immunity. These mice don’t have an immune reaction against transplanted foreing organs. This happens because they don’t have:

A. B-lymphocytes

B. Macrophages

C. T-lymphocytes (cyto-toxic killers)

D. T-helpers

E. Plasma cells

ANSWER: C.

53. Which cells take care of lymphocytes in thymus?

A. Fibroblasts

B. Smooth muscle cells

C. Mesoteliocytes

D. Border macrophages

E. Epithelioreticular cells

ANSWER: E.

54. Immune reactivity of child is broken up. Which hemopoietic organ is responsible for antigen independent proliferation and differentiation T-lymphocyte?

A. Red bonemarrow.

B. Spleen.

C. Lymph node

D. Thymus

E. Palatine tonsil

ANSWER: D.

55. Special feature of postcapillary venule of thymic lobule medulla?

A. typical endothelium

B. fenestrated endothelium

C. fenestrated basement membrane

D. pores in the wall

E. tall endothelium

ANSWER: E.

56. Indicate the stromal tissue of lymph node.

A. epithelial

B. reticular-endothelial

C. adipose

D. fibrous connective tissue

E. dense connective tissue

ANSWER: B.

57. What tissue does the parenchyma of lymph node consist of?

A. myeloid

B. reticular

C. epithelioreticular

D. lymphoid

E. epithelial reticulo-endothelial

ANSWER: D

58. Which hemopoietic organ contains reticular-endothelial stroma?

A. thymus

B. spleen

C. red bone marrow

D. lymph node

E. palatine tonsil

ANSWER: C.

59. Which portions could be identifiyng in the lymph node?

A. cortex, paracortex and medulla

B. cortical and medullary layers

C. medullary cords and sinuses

D. hemopoietic islets

E. red and white pulp

ANSWER: A.

60. Indicate location of T-dependent zone (paracortex or deep cortex) in lymphatic node.

A. between capsule and lymphatic follicles

B. between lymphatic follicles and medullary cords

C. between medullary cords and hilum of lymphatic follicles

D. between medullary cords and trabeculae

E. between trabeculae and lymphatic node

ANSWER: B.

61. In which order does lymph pass through the system of sinuses of lymph node?

A. hilum, medulary, subcapsular, regional

B. subcapsular, medullary, regional, gate

C. subcapsular, cortical, medullary, hilum

D. regional, medulary, subcapsular, gate

E. medulary, regional, subcapsular, hilum

ANSWER: C.

62. Which cells line the wall of sinuses of lymphatic node?

A. reticular endothelial

B. reticular

C. epithelial

D. epithelio-reticular

E. endothelial

ANSWER: A.

63. What parenchymal cells of lymph node follicle do you know?

A. B lymphocytes, B-lymphoblastes, macrophages, dendritic cells

B. T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells

C. plasma cells, macrophages

D. B lymphocytes, interdigital cells, T-lymphocytes

E. B and T-lymphoblasts, macrophages, interdigital cells, plasma cells

ANSWER: A.

64. In lymph node B-lymphocytes complete the differentiation in:

A. lymph node paracortex

B. sinuses

C. cortex

D. medullar cords

E. capsule

ANSWER: D.

65. There are such functions of lymph node:

A. lymphocytopoesis, immune protection, filtration and accumulation of lymph

B. immune protection, secretion

C. antigens destruction

D. secretion of insulinolike factors

E. accumulation of blood

ANSWER: A.

66. Which cells are absent in the germinative centre of lymph node?

A. lymphoblasts

B. adipocytes

C. typical macrophages

D. myocytes

E. lymphocytes

ANSWER: D.

67. Zones of lymphatic node are the next:

A. zone of fatty cells and sinuses

B. cortex, paracortex (deep cortex), medulla

C. white and red pulp

D. fibers zone

E. cortex and medulla

ANSWER: B.

68. Which zone of lymphatic node mainly contains the plasma cells?

A. cortex

B. paracortex.

C. medullary cords

D. zone of fatty cells

E. sinuses of lymphatic node

ANSWER: C.

69. What is the main function of lymph node sinuses?

A. circulation of blood

B. prolliferation of lymphocytes

C. blood formed elements production

D. proliferation of granular leucocytes

E. lymph circulation

ANSWER: E.

70. Plasma cells in medullary cords of lymph node originate from:

A. T-lymphocytes

B. B-lymphocytes

C. macrophages

D. dendritic cells

E. interdigital cells

ANSWER: B.

71. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. Lymphocytes are arranged in lymphatic follicles, paracortical zone (deep cortex) and medullary cords. What is this organ?

A. red bone marrow

B. lymph node

C. thymus

D. tonsil

E. spleen

ANSWER: B.

72. Which cells are producing antibodies after repeated entrance of antigens in human organism?

A. macrophages

B. T - killers

C. T - supressors

D. plasma cells

E. dendritic cells

ANSWER: D.

73. In blood of 16-years-old girl, who suffers from auto-immune inflammation of thyroid gland, numerous plasma cells have been found out. Which cells are they (plasma cells) developing from?

A. mast cells

B. T-helpers

C. T-killers

D. T-supressors

E. B-lymphocytes

ANSWER: E.

74. In the specimen of small intestine in mucosal lamina propria there were found out the basophilic cells aggregations, which have central light part and peripheral dark region. What are these structures?

A. adipocytes

B. nerve ganglia

C. lymphatic follicles

D. blood vessels

E. lymphatic vessels

ANSWER: C.

75. Bean-like organ is seen in histologic specimen. It has cortex and medulla. Cortex is made up of round shaped structures (nodules) and medulla – of cords. What is this organ?

A. kidney

B. adrenal gland

C. lymph node

D. thymus

E. spleen

ANSWER: C.

76. In the specimen of lymph node the paracortex (deep cortex) is enlarged. Which cells belong to this zone?

A. border macrophages

B. reticulocytes

C. plasma cells

D. macrophages

E. T-lymphocytes

ANSWER: E.

77. Indicate the place of plasma cells production in lymph node.

A. in the center of lymphatic follicle

B. in the paracortex

C. in the medullary cords

D. in the peripheral zone of lymphatic follicles

E. in the sinuses of lymph node

ANSWER: C.

78. Indicate in order the disposition of sinuses in lymph node

A. hylum, subcapsular, cortical, medullary

B. medullary, subcapsular, trabecular, hylum

C. trabecular, subcapsular, medullary, hylum

D. medullary, subcapsular, trabecular, hylum

E. subcapsular, cortical, medullary, hylum

ANSWER: E.

79. Which special cells are situated in the wall of lymph node sinuses?

A. border macrophages

B. fibroblasts

C. smooth myocytes

D. mesotheliocytes

E. epitheliocytes

ANSWER: A.

80. There are two histologic specimens with organs, which have lymph follicles. In the first specimen we can see only follicles, and in the second one - follicles, with blood vessels (arteries). What are these organs?

A. red bone marrow, spleen

B. lymph node and spleen

C. thymus, spleen

D. liver, lymph node

E. liver, spleen

ANSWER: B.

81. Please, name the area of lymph node, in which T-lymphocytes interact with antigens.

A. marginal zone

B. cortical zone

C. capsule

D. paracortical zone (deep cortex)

E. medulla

ANSWER: D.

82. Which tissue does the parenchyma of spleen consist of?

A. red and white pulp

B. reticular

C. epithelioreticular

D. lymphoid

E. myeloid

ANSWER: A.

83. Which tissue does the stroma of spleen consist of?

A. red and white pulp

B. reticular

C. epithelio-reticular

D. lymphoid

E. reticular-endothelial

ANSWER: B.

84. What is the sequence of zones of lymphatic follicles of spleen from the central artery to the white pulp?

A. periarterial, marginal, germinative, regional

B. periarterial sheet, germinative center, marginal, peripheral zone

C. periarterial, regional, marginal, germinative

D. germinative, periarterial sheet, marginal, regional

E. marginal, regional, periarterial sheet, germinative

ANSWER: B.

85. Indicate the location of central artery in spleen?

A. centrally in red pulp

B. centrally in white pulp

C. excentrically in white pulp

D. peripherally in red pulp

E. peripherally in white and red pulp

ANSWER: C.

86. In which structure T-lymphocytes complete their differentiation in spleen?

A. red pulp cords

B. mantial zone of white pulp

C. marginal zone of white pulp

D. periarterial sheath and periarterial zone

E. red pulp sinuses

ANSWER: D.

87. In spleen B-lymphocytes complete the differentiation in:

A. red pulp cords

B. mantial zone of white pulp

C. marginal zone of white pulp

D. periarterial sheath and periarterial zone

E. red pulp sinuses

ANSWER: B.

88. Indicate the place of T-lymphocytes antigendependent proliferation in spleen.

A. periarterial sheath of white pulp

B. germinative zone of white pulp

C. marginal zone of white pulp

D. periferal zone of white pulp

E. red pulp

ANSWER: A.

89. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. Lymph follicles are irregularly disposed and have atery inside. What is this organ?

A. red bone marrow

B. lymph node

C. tonsil

D. thymus

E. spleen

ANSWER: E.

90. In the histologic specimen there are seen spherical aggregations of lymphocytes with central artery. What is this organ?

A. lymph node

B. spleen

C. thymus

D. red bone marrow

E. kidney

ANSWER: B.

91. T-lymphocytes in spleen are mainly disposed in:

A. red pulp

B. periarterial lymphatic sheath

C. marginal zone

D. germinative center

E. pulp cords

ANSWER: B.

92. Which parenchymal portions of spleen do you know?

A. follicles and medulla

B. cortex and cords

C. red and white pulp

D. follicles and nodes

E. cortex, medulla and paracortex

ANSWER: C.

93. Indicate zones of lymphatic follicles of spleen

A. regional sinus, marginal, medullary zone

B. periarterial area, cortex, medullar area

C. periarterial zone, germinal center, marginal, peripheral zone

D. marginal zone, periarterial zone

E. cortical zone, medullary zone

ANSWER: C.

94. What is happening with destroying erythrocytes in the red pulp of spleen?

A. are phagocyzed by macrophages

B. enter the blood circulation

C. are phagocyzed by neutrophilic leucocytes

D. are dygested by the enzymes of giant cells

E. are deposed in the red pulp of a spleen

ANSWER: A.

95. Which structural components does the red pulp of a spleen consist of?

A. cords of pulp and venous sinuses

B. venous sinuses

C. zones of erythrocytopoesis

D. thrombocytes

E. granulocytes

ANSWER: A.

96. Which cells are situated in the germinative center of a lymph nodule of spleen?

A. T-lymphocytes

B. B-lymphocytes

C. reticular cells

D. adventitial cells

E. smooth myocytes

ANSWER: B.

97. Which cells are mainly placed in the germinative center of lymph nodule of spleen?

A. dendritic cells

B. B-lymphocytes

C. interdigital cells

D. plasma cells

E. macrophages

ANSWER: B.

98. In which hemopoetic organs does elimination of erythrocytes and platelets mainly occur?

A. red bone marrow

B. spleen

C. thymus

D. lymphatic node

E. hemolymphatic node

ANSWER: B.

99. What is the most specific feature of spleenic blood circulation?

A. sinusoidal capillaries

B. low speed of blood circulation

C. anastomosis presence

D. closed circulation

E. opened circulation

ANSWER: E.

100. In spleen blood is deposed in:

A. sinusoidal capillaries

B. venules

C. anastomosis

D. venous sinuses

E. arteriols

ANSWER: D.

536. Chondroid tissue is classified due to:

     1. cells location

     2. place in organism

     3. cell structure

     4. peculiarities of intercellular substance

     5. ground substance

answer: d

537. Embryonic source of chondroid tissue formation

     1. ectoderm

     2. mesoderm

     3. entoderm

     4. mesenchyme

     5. somit

answer: d

538. Which cells belong to the chondroid tissue?

     1. chondroclasts, fibroblasts

     2. osteocytes, odontocytes

     3. osteocytes, chondrocytes

     4. chondroblasts, chondrocytes

     5. osteocytes, osteoclasts, chondroblasts

answer: d

539. Most special feature of chondroid tissue:

     1. has no blood vessels

     2. has ground substance

     3. has fibers

     4. has blood vessels

     5. has a lot of salts

answer: a

540. Differon of chondroid tissue includes:

     1. chondroclasts, fibroblasts

     2. osteocytes, odontocytes

     3. osteocytes, chondrocytes

     4. chondroblasts, chondrocytes

     5. osteocytes, osteoclasts, chondroblasts

answer: d

541. Cartillage is nourished by:

     1. proper vessels

     2. vessels of bones

     3. by diffusion

     4. own cells

     5. lymphatics

answer: c

542. Structural compounds of chondroid tissue

     1. Osteocytes, chondrine fibers

     2. fibroblasts

     3. chondrocytes, chondroblasts, intercellular substance

     4. chondroblasts, chondromucoid

     5. collagen, elastic fibers and chondromucoid

answer: c

543. Intercellular substance of chondroid tissue has:

     1. fibroblasts, and chondromucoid

     2. chondrocytes and fibers

     3. chondroblasts, chondromucoid

     4. chondromucoid and chondrine fibers

     5. reticular fibers and chondromucoid

answer: d

544. Surface of joints is cowered with:

     1. hyaline cartilage

     2. bony tissue

     3. proper connective tissue

     4. epithelial tissue

     5. elastic cartilage

answer: a

545. Special feature of hyaline cartilage over joint surface:

     1. blood vessels

     2. isogenous groups of cells

     3. no intercellular substance

     4. absence of perichondrium

     5. absence of periostium

answer: d

546. Chondrocytes in the middle of cartilage are arranged in:

     1. cords

     2. lie alone

     3. in islets

     4. follicles

     5. isogenous groups

answer: e

547. Chondroblasts of perychondrium functions:

     1. protective

     2. trophic

     3. appositional growth

     4. glycogen deposition

     5. resorption of cartilage

answer: c

548. Elasticity of chondroid tissue depends on:

     1. perichondrium

     2. cells location

     3. elastic fibers

     4. peculiarities of chondromucoid

     5. collagen presence

answer: c

549. Chondroblasts function in cartilage:

     1. protective

     2. trophic

     3. intercellular substance production

     4. glycogen deposition

     5. resorption of cartilage

answer: c

550. Cells in chondroid tissue have well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body. What is their function?

     1. protective

     2. trophic

     3. intercellular substance production

     4. glycogen deposition

     5. resorption of cartilage

answer: c

551. Layers of perichondrium:

     1. fibrous and cellular

     2. cellular and noncellular

     3. amorphic and cellular

     4. fibrous and amorphic

     5. noncellular and fibrous

answer: a

552. Hyalin cartilage mainly has:

     1. collagen fibers

     2. elastic fibers

     3. reticular fibers

     4. brounched fibers

     5. thin fibers

answer: a

553. Which tissue has isogenous groups of cells in the intercellular substance and invisible fibers?

     1. hyaline cartilage

     2. elastic cartilage

     3. fibrocartilage

     4. epithelial tissue

     5. bony tissue

answer: a

554. Which tissue has isogenous groups of cells and thick fibers in the intercellular substance?

     1. hyaline cartilage

     2. elastic cartilage

     3. fibrocartilage

     4. epithelial tissue

     5. bony tissue

answer: c

555. Which tissue has isogenous groups of cells and brownish fibers in the intercellular substance stained with orcein?

     1. fibrocartilage

     2. hyaline cartilage

     3. elastic cartilage

     4. epithelial tissue

     5. bony tissue

answer: c

556. Hyaline cartilage location:

     1. auricle

     2. trachea

     3. intervertebral disc

     4. small bronchi

     5. bronchioles

answer: b

557. Age changes in hyaline cartilage:

     1. increase of cells amount

     2. increase of chondromucoid hydrophily

     3. Са salts deposition in intercellular substance

     4. appearance of hemocapillaries

     5. intercellular substance distruction

answer: c

558. What is the principal difference between hyaline and elastic cartilage?

     1. elastic one has collagen fibers

     2. elastic one has perichondrium

     3. elastic one has elastic fibers

     4. cells are arranged in groups.

     5. well prominent ground substance

answer: c

559. Elastic cartilage is stained with orcein, hyaline one – with hematoxylin and eosin. How to distinguish them?

     1. by isogenous groups of cells

     2. by elastic fibers

     3. by perichondrium

     4. by ground substance

     5. by metaepyphiseal plate

answer: b

560. Elastic cartilage mainly has:

     1. collagen fibers

     2. reticular fibers

     3. elastic fibers

     4. brounched fibers

     5. thin fibers

answer: c

561. Elastic cartilage location:

     1. trachea

     2. auricle

     3. intervertebral disc

     4. small bronchi

     5. bronchioles

answer: b

562. Chondrocytes in the middle of elastic cartilage are arranged in:

     1. cords

     2. lie alone

     3. in islets

     4. isogenous groups

     5. follicles

answer: d

563. Fibro-cartilage is located in:

     1. In vertebra

     2. In trachea

     3. In joints

     4. Intervertebral discs

     5. Between tendons

answer: d

564. Which fibers predominate in fibro-cartilage?

     1. oxythalan

     2. elaynin

     3. collagen

     4. elastic

     5. reticular

answer: c

565. Which type of chondroid tissue growth takes place in regeneration of joints?

     1. appositional

     2. interstitial

     3. owergrowth

     4. appositional and interstitial

     5. slow growth

answer: a

566. Appositional growth chondroid tissue occurs by:

     1. cells of young cartilage

     2. outer layer of perichondrium

     3. cells of isogenous groups

     4. cells of inner layer of perichondrium

     5. cells from blood

answer: d

567. Cartilage is nourished by:

     1. blood vessels in cartilage

     2. diffusion from perichondrium vessels

     3. vessels of underlying bones

     4. cells activity

     5. lymph vessels in cartilage

answer: b

568. Elastic cartilage principal feature:

     1. transparency

     2. blood vessels in cartilage

     3. elasticity

     4. solidity

     5. strength

answer: c

569. Fibro-cartilage principal feature:

     1. transparency

     2. blood vessels in cartilage

     3. elasticity

     4. solidity

     5. strength

answer: d

570. Main types of bony tissue:

     1. Lamellar and fibrous

     2. Trabecular and spongy

     3. Compact and circular

     4. Compact and trabecular

     5. Fibrous and spongy

answer: a

571. Principal differences between lamellar and fibrous bony tissue:

     1. different cells

     2. source of origin

     3. chemical composition of intercellular substance

     4. intercellular substance structural organisation

     5. cells disposition

answer: d

572. Embryonic source of bony tissue formation

     1. ectoderm

     2. coelomic mesoderm

     3. entoderm

     4. mesenchyme

     5. nephrogonotom

answer: d

573. Bony tissue is classified due to:

     1. place in organism

     2. cell structure

     3. peculiarities of intercellular substance

     4. cells location

     5. ground substance

answer: c

574. Which cells belong to the bony tissue?

     1. osteocytes, odontocytes

     2. osteocytes, chondrocytes

     3. chondroblasts, chondrocytes

     4. chondroclasts, fibroblasts

     5. osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

answer: e

575. Differon of chondroid tissue includes:

     1. osteocytes, osteoblasts

     2. osteocytes, chondrocytes

     3. chondroblasts, chondrocytes

     4. osteocytes, fibroblasts

     5. osteocytes, osteoclasts

answer: a

576. Bony tissue is nutrited by:

     1. ground substance

     2. vessels of bones

     3. by diffusion

     4. own cells

     5. lymphatics

answer: b

577. Structural compounds of bony tissue

     1. fibroblasts, osteocytes

     2. osteoblasts, osteocytes, intercellular substance

     3. osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondromucoid

     4. chondrine fibers

     5. collagen, elastic fibers and osteomucoid

answer: b

578. Intercellular substance of bony tissue has:

     1. osteoblasts and osteomucoid

     2. osteocytes and fibers

     3. chondroblasts, chondromucoid

     4. osteomucoid and ossein fibers

     5. reticular fibers and osteomucoid

answer: d

579. Solidity of bony tissue depends on:

     1. periosteum

     2. cells location

     3. fibers location

     4. Ca salts presence

     5. collagen presence

answer: d

580. Osteoblasts function in bony tissue:

     1. protective

     2. trophic

     3. intercellular substance production

     4. glycogen deposition

     5. resorption of cartilage

answer: c

581. Osteoclasts function in bony tissue:

     1. protective

     2. trophic

     3. intercellular substance production

     4. glycogen deposition

     5. resorption of bony tissue

answer: e

582. Criterion of lamellar bony tissue division in compact and spongy:

     1. intercellular substance compounds correlations

     2. bony lamellas disposition

     3. cells and intercellular substance correlations

     4. salts amount in the intercellular substance

     5. intercellular substance compounds disposition

answer: b

583. Thickness of tubular bone depends on:

     1. diaphysis

     2. epiphysis

     3. endosteum

     4. periosteum

     5. metaepiphysial plate

answer: d

584. Length of tubular bone depends on:

     1. diaphysis

     2. periosteum

     3. epiphysis

     4. endosteum

     5. metaepiphysial plate

answer: e

585. Osteoclasts originate from:

     1. osteoblasts

     2. osteocytes

     3. fibroblasts

     4. monocytes

     5. chondroblasts

answer: d

586. Structural compounds of bony tissue osteoid:

     1. bony matrix without fibers

     2. matrix around osteoblast

     3. hydroxiappatites connected with collagen fibers

     4. noncalcified bony matrix

     5. groups of cells

answer: d

587. Lamellar bones mainly consist of:

     1. bony lamellas, osteocytes

     2. collagen fibers, osteoblasts

     3. hydroxiappatites connected with collagen fibers

     4. osteoblasts, osteoclasts, ossein

     5. octeons, periosteum

answer: a

588. Bony lamellas in spongy bone are arranged:

     1. Parallely

     2. In cords

     3. Irregular

     4. In follicles

     5. In groups

answer: c

589. Morphofunctional unit of compact bone:

     1. osteon

     2. osteocyte

     3. osteoblast

     4. osteoclast

     5. bony lamella

answer: a

590. Reparative regeneration of bones is promoted by:

     1. periosteum

     2. epiphysis

     3. diaphysis

     4. outer layer of general lamellas

     5. inner layer of general lamellas

answer: a

591. Which cells of bony tissue have a lot of lysosomes?

     1. osteocytes

     2. osteoblasts

     3. osteoclasts

     4. fibroblasts

     5. chondroblasts

answer: c

592. Which cells of bony tissue are responsible for osteoporosis?

     1. osteocytes

     2. osteoblasts

     3. osteoclasts

     4. fibroblasts

     5. chondroblasts

answer: c

593. Which cells of bony tissue have a lot of nuclei?

     1. osteocytes

     2. osteoblasts

     3. osteoclasts

     4. fibroblasts

     5. chondroblasts

answer: c

594. Main structural types of bony tissue:

     1. compact and circular

     2. fibrous and lamellar

     3. compact and spongy

     4. trabecular and spongy

     5. fibrous and lattice

answer: b

595. Which changes may occur in bone in prominent destruction of periosteum?

     1. innervation disorders

     2. distruction of proteins

     3. disorders of nourishment

     4. calcinations disorders

     5. no changes

answer: c

596. Metaepiphysial plate function:

     1. periosteum production

     2. growth and regeneration of cartilage

     3. hemopoiesis

     4. osteoblasts development

     5. fibroblasts development

answer: b

597. Changes of bony tissue in the case of periosteum destruction:

     1. regeneration disorders

     2. calcination disorders

     3. innervation disorders

     4. disorders of nourishment

     5. no changes

answer: d

598. Which cells of bony tissue react on calcitonin?

     1. osteoblasts

     2. osteocytes

     3. osteoclasts

     4. fibroblasts

     5. chondroblasts

answer: a

599. Bones growth in length depends on:

     1. chondroblast

     2. osteoclasts

     3. osteoblasts

     4. chondrocytes

     5. osteocytes

answer: c

600. Structural unit of compact bone:

     1. bony lamella

     2. osteoclasts

     3. osteon

     4. osteoblasts

     5. osteocytes

answer: c

601. Lamellar bony tissue structural compounds:

     1. collagen fibers, osteoblasts, osteocytes

     2. osteoblasts, osteoclasts, ossein fibers

     3. osteocytes, bony lamellas

     4. osteons

     5. osteocytes ,osteoclasts

answer: c

602. Which tissue promotes regeneration of bone after the fracture?

     1. loose connective tissue

     2. reticular tissue

     3. lamellar bony tissue

     4. dense regular tissue

     5. fibrous bony tissue

answer: e

603. What does bone growth in length depend on?

     1. periosteum

     2. bony lamella

     3. osteon

     4. metaepiphysial plate

     5. inner layer of general lamellas

answer: d

604. What does bone thickness depend on?

     1. bony lamella

     2. osteon

     3. metaepiphysial plate

     4. periosteum

     5. inner layer of general lamellas

answer: d

605. What is bony lamela?

     1. Bandle of regular arranged fibers

     2. Bandle of irregular arranged fibers

     3. Osteocyte with nearest fibers

     4. Group of osteoblasts

     5. Cell of Haversial canal

answer: a

606. Which salts are mainly present in bony tissue?

     1. К

     2. Ca

     3. Na

     4. Fe

     5. F

answer: b