Lecture № 1

Introduction to the Computer Organization and Architecture.

1. Notions of the Computer Organization and Architecture.

2. Functions of the Computer System (CS):

• Data processing;

• Data storage;

• Data movement;

• Control.

3. Structure of the CS (hierarchy levels).

4. Multilevel computer organization.

Literature.

1. Stallings W. Computer Organization and Architecture. Designing and performance, 5^th ed. – Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall, 2002.

2. V. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko G. Vranesic, Safwat G. Zaky. Computer organization,4^th ed. – McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS, 1996.

3. Tanenbaum, A.S. Structured Computer Organization, 4^th ed. - Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall, 2002.

Key words.

Architecture, structure, organization, function, instruction, coding, interface, heritage, processing, storage, movement, control, peripherals, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Main Memory, System Interconnection (System Bus), Input, Output, Register, Arithmetic and Login Unit, Control Unit, Sequencing Login, Decoder

Definition 1. Architecture of the Computer System(CS) is a specification of its interfaces, which determines data processing and includes: methods of data coding, system of instructions, principles of software-hardware interaction. It is also determined as a set of information, which is necessary and sufficient for programming in the machinery code.

Definition 2. The operational units and their interconnections that realize the architecture of the CS is the Organization of the CS.

• All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture

• The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture

This gives code compatibility, software succession Organization differs between different versions

Architecture is more conservative than organization

• Structure is the way of merging (uniting) components of some subsystem in one (whole) unit.

• Function is an operation of individual component as a part of the structure.

• All computer functions are:

1.- Data processing, 2.- Data storage, 3. - Data movement, 4. – Control

Functional view of a computer

Operating Environment (sources and destinations of data)

• Data movement

• e.g. keyboard to screen

Operation (1)

Operation (2)

• Storage

• e.g. Internet download to disk

Operation (3)

• Processing from/to storage

• e.g. updating bank statement

Operation (4)

• Processing from storage to I/O

• e.g. printing a bank statement