- •26.1.16. What is hemolytic anemia? How is it classified?
- •26.1.17. What endoerythrocytic factors may cause the development of hemolytic anemia?
- •26.1.18. What factors (endo- or exoerythrocytic) may cause hemolysis of erythrocytes?
- •26.1.19. Name the possible causes main mechanisms of intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytes.
- •26.1.20. What factors may cause oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes?
- •26.1.21. What disorders may develop in the organism as a result intravascular orythrocyte hemolysis?
- •26.1.22. What is intracellular erythrocyte hemolysis? What is it cause by?
- •26.1.23. What disorders develop in the organism as a result of intracellular hemolysis of erythrocytes?
- •26.1.24. What may cause the development of acquired hemolytic anemia?
- •26.1.25. Give examples of anemia mediated by mechanical damages of erythrocytes.
- •26.1.26. What is immune hemolytic anemia? Name the possible causes.
- •26.1.27. What is hemolytic anemia of newborn?
- •26.1.28. What types of antibodies may cause hemolysis of erythrocytes? What is its mechanism?
- •26.1.29. What may cause the development of toxic hemolytic anemia?
- •26.1.31. Name possible causes of the development of infectious hemolytic anemia.
- •26.1.32. What changes of characteristic for the clinical picture of peripherial blood and red bone marrow at acquired hemolytic anemia?
- •26.1.33. What may be at the basis of inherited hemolytic anemia development?
- •26.1.34. What may cause the development of increased membranopathy?
- •26.1.35. Define microspherocytory anemia of Minkovskiy–Saffar.
- •26.1.36. What may cause the development of enzymopathy?
- •26.1.37. Define glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase deficiency anemia
- •26.1.38. What may cause the development of inherited hemoglobinopathy?
- •26.1.39. Define sickle sell anemia
- •26.1.40. What is the essence of talassemia?
- •26.1.41. What are clinical syndromes of hemolytic anemia?
- •26.1.42. How can anemia connected with the disorders of erythropoiesis?
- •26.1.43. What is hypoplastic anemia? What is its aetiology and pathogenesis?
- •26.1.44. Describe the clinical picture of peripheral blood and red bone marrow at hypoplastic anemia
- •26.1.46. What are the syndromes of hypoplastic anemia?
- •26.1.47. What is megaloblastic anemia? Give examples.
- •26.1.48. What is the role of vitamin b12 and folic acid in hemopoiesis?
- •26.1.49. Name the main reasons of vitamin b12 deficiency in the organism.
- •26.1.50. What is the pathogenesis of disorders developed in the organism at vitamin b12 deficiency?
- •26.1.51. Describe the clinical picture of periphereal blood and red bone marrow at b12-folic acid deficiency anemia.
- •26.1.52. Determine the place of b12-folic deficiency anemia among various anemia classifications.
- •26.1.53. What are the syndromes of b12-folic acid deficiency anemia?
- •26.1.54. What is the physiological significance of iron?
- •26.1.55. How does the exchange of iron in the organism take place?
- •26.1.56. Name the possible causes of iron deficiency anemia.
- •26.1.57. What is the pathogenesis of disorders developed in the organism in relation with iron deficiency?
- •26.1.58. Give the characteristic of periphereal blood picture and red bone marrow at iron deficiency anemia
- •26.1.59. Find the place of iron deficiency anemia among various classifications of anemia
- •26.1.60. What are the signs of iron deficiency anemia?
- •26.1.61. What is iron refractory anemia? What is its aetiology and pathogenesis?
26.1.61. What is iron refractory anemia? What is its aetiology and pathogenesis?
Iron refractory anemia develops in the result of disorders of iron inclusions in the hemo at reducing enzyme activity, catalizing the synthesis of porphirins and hemo.
The causes of the development of such type of anemia are:
genetically mediated reduction of activity of decarbonylase coproporphirinogene – enzyme maintaining one of the final periods of hemo synthesis (inherited recessively, fixed with X-chromosome);
decrease of piridoxalphosphate – active form of vitamin B6 as a result of it iron is not removed from mytochondria of erythroblasts and is not included in the hemo
lead blocade of sulfohydril groups of enzymes participating in hemosynthesis at home or industrial lead poisoning.
Decrease of enzyme activity participating in the production of porphirins and hemo leads to the reduction of iron utilization and disorders of hemoglobin synthesis that causes insufficiency of erythropoiesis and development of hypochromic anemia with low amount of hemoglobin.
Disorders of intaking iron is accompanied by increase amount of serum iron, its deposit in internal organs and secondary growth of connective tissue (hemosiderosis).