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1. The parents asked the police not to inform public about their children’s being kidnapped. 2. Both the conduct and the mental element differ from crime to crime and can be ascertained only by studying the definition of the particular crime. 3. Our duty has been to look for means of confining the scope of punishment as narrowly as possible without impairing the efficacy attributed to it. 4. Being cross-examined the witness answered all the questions. 5. Having appeared before the magistrate the accused was not sure that he would be acquitted. 6. Having removed all the traces of his crime the criminal left the building. 7. A crime is not committed by anyone who, because of a mental disease is unable to understand what he is doing and to control his conduct at the time he commits a harm forbidden by criminal law.8. It is important to define law in order to establish proper methods of studying law. 9. At the same time it must be recognized that special steps should be taken to present types of crimes that terrorize the public, or disturb their sense of safety and security, such as housebreaking and robbery. 10. In order that a man and woman may become husband and wife, two conditions must be satisfied: first, they must both possess the capacity to contract a marriage, and secondly, they must observe the necessary formalities.

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British Courts

British law is divided into two parts — civil and criminal. There are also two types of courts — dealing with civil jurisdiction and the other, with crim­inal jurisdiction. The law of Britain distinguishes offences into main cate­gories: a) indictable offences and b) non-indictable offences. Indictable offences are the more serious crimes, which must be tried before a jury. Non-indictable offences are all the rest and they are tried by the Magistrates’ Court. However, nowadays there are many offences which may ei­ther be treated on indictment by a jury or by a Magistrates’ Court. When a person is brought before the magistrates’ Court charged with one of the overlapping offences, the court may in many cases treat the charge as be­ing for a non-indictable offence.

The principal courts of ordinary criminal Jurisdiction in England and Wales include:

a) Magistrates’ Courts, which try the less serious offences and conduct preliminary inquiries into the more serious offences. They are presided over by Justices of the Peace;

b) Quarter Sessions which take place at least four times a year. They deal with more serious offences and are presided over either by a legally qualified chairman with a group of magistrates or by a single lawyer;

c) Assizes which are branches of the High Court and are presided over by High Court Judges. They deal with the most serious offences and cases presenting special difficulties.