Australia.

Vocabulary:

mainland [ ] – материк

to serve [ ] – служить

mainly [ ] – главным образом

tie [ ] – связь

to administer [ ] – управлять

to develop [ ] – развивать(ся)

producer [ ] – производитель

bauxite [ ] – боксит, алюминиевая руда

ore [ ] – руда

amount [ ] – количество

farm goods – сельскохозяйственные продукты

income [ ] – доход

to enable [ ] – давать возможность

Commonwealth of Australia – Содружество наций Австралии

New South Wales – штат Новый южный Уэльс

Queensland – штат Квинслэнд

South Australia – штат Южная Австралия

Tasmania – штат Тасмания

Victoria – штат Виктория

Western Australia – штат Западная Австралия

Canberra – г. Канберра

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text.

Australia

Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It is the sixth largest country and the smallest continent. Australia lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is situated about 11,000 km south-west of North America and about 8,200 km southeast of mainland Asia.

The east coast of Australia was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770. The name of the country comes from Latin word “australis” which means southern. The Commonwealth of Australia is the official name of the country. The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. Australia has six states. They are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Each state has its own government. There are two territories in Australia. They are the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.

Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain. Queen Elizabeth is the Queen of Australia and the head of state. But she serves mainly as a symbol of long historical ties between Great Britain and Australia. The nation is administrated under written constitution. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

The capital of the country is Canberra. Australia is one of the world’s most developed countries. It is the world’s leading producer of wool and bauxite. Bauxite is the ore from which aluminium is made. Australia produces and exports large amounts of minerals and farm goods. Income from the export enables Australians to have high standard of living.

Ex. 2. Answer the questions:

1. Where does Australia lie?

2. Where does the name “Australia” come from?

What does this name mean?

3. What is the official name of the country?

4. The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states, isn’t it? How many states are there in Australia? What are they?

5. How many territories are there in Australia? What are they?

6. Who is the country ruled by? Who is the head of state?

7. What is the capital of Australia?

8. Australians have high standard of living, don’t they? What does Australia produce and export?

New zealand.

Vocabulary:

to belong to – принадлежать

empire [ ] – империя

power [ ] – сила

legislation [ ] – законодательство

brown skinned – темнокожий

descendant [ ] – потомок

agriculture [ ] – сельское хозяйство

manufacturing [ ] – производство

service industry [ ] – сфера обслуживания

Polynesia [ ] – Полинезия

California – Калифорния

Wellington [ ] – Веллингтон

Maori – Маори

the United Kingdom – Соединенное Королевство

Commonwealth [ ] – Содружество наций

Auckland [ ] – г. Окленд

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text.