Dyachenko Yakov Vassilievich (1817 - 1871)

The general Michael Venyukov, the famous Russian geographer and explorer of the Far East (died in Paris in 1901, bequeathed 1000 books to the Khabarovsk library), wrote about Dyachenko: “He was one of the most important figures for the Amur settlement. He was calm, even-tempered, decisive, he was getting on very well with the soldiers, the Cossacks and the authorities. So the people of the area respected him.” Dyachenko was the first builder and the first administrator of the town. In the end of 1859 he handed over his responsibilities in Khabarovka to a police executive and began guarding the boundary from the Cossack village Kazakevichevskaya (named after admiral, general Petr Vassilievich Kazakevich, served under Muravyov, supporter of Nevelskoy) to the lake Khanka.

Muravyov-Amurskiy Nikolay Nikolaevich (1809 - 1881)

He was the general-governor of the Eastern-Siberian governorship from 1847 to 1861. On May 16, 1858 Muravyov signed the treaty on Russia-Chinese border with the Chinese amur Commander in chief I. Shang in Aigun. Though the exploration and settling of the Russian Far East began in the early 17 century, the central and the southern regions of the Far East were not officially annexed to the Russian Empire. There was no legal border between Russia and China. Moreover Russia lost many territories according to Nerchinskiy treaty of 1689. In 19 century the situation had changed and Russia was ready to solve the problem of the state border. China was dragging out the time and the bilateral was failed for several times. It was count Muravyov who was able to persuade the Chinese part to sign the treaty. Muravyov was awarded the additional name Amurskiy for signing favorable treaty. According to this treaty the border between Russia and China was going along the river Amur but not the left bank of the river as the Chinese Commander wanted. Besides, the lost territories were returned to Russia. Aigun treaty was followed by Tyangzyng treaty (signed by E. V. Putyatin) on June 13, 1858 and Beijing treaty (signed by count N. P. Ignatiev) on November 11, 1860. These two treaties approved Aigun treaty and finally determined the Russian-Chinese border. Beijing treaty finally recognized the Ussuriyskiy region as the Russian territory. In 1860 Muravyov-Amurskiy gave instruction to found a new post Vladivostok. Due to his initiatives Zabaykalskiy Cossack detachment (1851) and Amurskiy Cossack detachment were formed. Muravyov-Amursky retired in 1861. He was awarded all Russian orders, with the exception of the order of St. Andrey Pervozvanny. Muravyov-Amurskiy left for France, the motherland of his wife. He was buried in Paris in 1881. In 1991 his ashes were reburied in Vladivostok.

Korf Andrey Nikolaevich (1831- 1893)

The first general-governor of Priamurskiy region. Korf organized free migration of peasants from European districts of Russia to Yuzhno-Ussuriyskiy region via Odessa by ships. Development of timber and fish industry began. Naval contacts with Korea, Japan and China improved. In 1886 in Petersburg he participated in establishing the committee for construction of the memorial to Muravyov-Amurskiy, it was headed by Kazakevich and Volkonskiy.

Korf opened a lot of schools, developed and designed the city. He died in 1893. He was buried in Khabarovsk in Uspenskiy cathedral.

Gondatty Nikolay Lvovich (1861– 1945)

He was the last general-governor of Priamurskiy region, very intelligent and active man. After graduation from Moscow university (assistant professor) he became a scientist, ethnography and anthropology researcher. In 1905-1908 he was Tobolsk governor, in 1908-1909 Tomsk governor. In 1909-1910 he was the head of Amur expedition studying nature, climate and possibilities of future migration of peasants. In 1911-1917 he was general-governor of Primamurskiy region. He did not allow any interference to the life of aborigines, prohibited alcohol trade in their villages and nomad camps. In 1912 he was granted the rank of Honored Cossack of Grodekovskiy regiment. After the revolution he went to Harbin and spent the rest of his life there.

Ex.10. Translate the text from Russian into English.