3. The connection of phonetics with other branches of linguistics and non-linguistic sciences.

Phonetics is an independent branch of linguistics like lexicology, grammar and stylistics. It studies not only separate sounds but their functions as well. It also studies the relation between written and spoken language. Phonetics is connected with other, non-linguistic sciences: acoustics, physiology, psychology, logic, etc.

1. Orthography

Phonetics formulates the rules of pronunciation for separate sounds and sound combination. The rules of reading are based on the relation of sounds to orthography.

-one letter can be read in different ways: a {ei, , a:, }

-letter combinations are wildly used to represent vowels and consonants.

2 Grammar

Through the system of rules of reading Phonetics is connected with grammar and helps to pronounce correctly singular and plural forms of nouns, the past tense forms and past participles of English regular verbs (ex. /d/ is pronounced after voiced consonants (beg-begged) and /t/ - after voiceless consonants (wish-wished), /id/ -after /t/ (want-wanted))

–sound interchange is another manifestation of the connection of Phonetics with grammar. For instance, this connection can be observed in the category of number. Thus, the interchange of /f-v/ , /s-z/, helps to differentiate singular and plural forms of such nouns as : calf-calves, bath-baths, house-houses.

-connected with the tense forms of irregular verbs: sing-sang-sung

-phonetics connected with grammar through its intonation component, for instance the rising nuclear tone may serve to show that it’s a question in a different sentence: he came home. – He came home?

3. Phonetics is also connected with lexicology. It is only due to the presence of stress or accent in the right place, that we can distinguish certain nouns from verbs (formed by conversion) (ex. ‘abstract (реферат) – to ab’stract (извлекать), ‘object (предмет) - to ob’ject (возражать))

-homographs can be differentiated only due to pronunciation, because they are identical in spelling: wind-ветер wind (вайнд)завиток

4. Phonetics is also connected with stylistics through intonation of words, phrases, sounds. Repetition of this kind serves the basis of rhythm, rhyme and alliteration.

Rhythm-regular recurrence of accents elements. A word may be used as a special poetry, but in a prose as well.

Alliteration – the repetition of identical or similar sounds, helps to impart a melodic effect to the utterance and to express certain emotions.

Rhyme-the repetition of the words such say may

Phonetics is connected with non-linguistic sciences such as acoustics, phonology, logic…

It is also connected with such disciplines as: paralinguistic, psychology, psycholinguistics, sociology, sociolinguistics, dialectology….

-phonetics is extremely useful in such questions and problems:

Historical aspect of L

Dialectology

Questions involving the spelling or pronunciation of personal names or words borrowed from other L-s