19. The subject-matter of phonostylistics.

Phonostylistics- is supposed to study sounds on their stylistic relevant.

Pronunciation is a no way homogeneous . Variety of pronunciation depends on many factors (political, social, cultural, and educational) having no connection with the linguistic proper. So to bridge up the gap between linguistic and extra-linguistic factors (those which accused by the situation of speaking) in analyzing stylistic differentiation of oral texts mainly phonostylistics was found it which is not just a new branch of linguistics, but an entirely different way of viewing phonetic phenomena. Linguists were until recently not aware of this way of analysis and awareness came only as a result of detailed analysis of spoken speech.

Traditionally two linguistic factors – which are easily connected with other aspects of linguistic structure, stress, its placement, intonation group, pause. And, on the contrary, those elements which have a relatively isolated function and have nothing to do with aspects of the language system, should be called EXTRA-LINGUISTIC.

Two these scholars refer firstly different personal characteristics of the speaker (ex. Different vocal or pronunciation effects, those lacking semantic value-breathy or raspy voice qualities, the factors belonging to the situation proper which is bound to determine this or that variation of usage, ex. The puspose, the degree of formality or «spontaneity», or the form of speech – that is all those forming to extra-linguistic context. We can resowe as well as term itself suggests, phonostylistics studies the phonetic characteristics of oral speech from the stylistics of oral speech from the stylistic point of view.

Phonostylistics was founded as a result of functional overlap (a common area of interest or knowledge) between phonetics and stylistics, thus it can be called an INTERDISCIOLINARY SUBJECT.

It fully reveals its interdisciplinary nature when relying on a number of adjacent linguistic and non-linguistics science: paralinguistics, psychology, literary criticism, esthetics, information theory.

Phonetics is concerned with the study, with phonostylistic determinents of oral speech, that is how a person speaks or talks, rather that what he is talking about. This problem receives a high priority consideration in phonostylistics.

TO DO THE PHONOSTYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE UTTERANCE is to describe the linguistic as well as non-linguistic in their full interactional contacts.

The range of probelems (concepts) phonostylistics includes in the following:

1/ the problem of norm or deviation of the norm

2/ phonetic synonyms

3/ euphonology

4/ sound symbolism

5/ phonetic functional style

6/ extra-linguistic situation

Я не знаю надо ли описывать эти проблемы, но в лекциях тани есть эти описания.

20. The linguistic and non-linguistic factors studied by phonostylistics.

Первое предложение взято из Соколовой, его не убирать)

Phonostylistics came into existence as an attempt to start bridging the gap between linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in analyzing stylistic differentiation of oral texts.

The situational circumstances of speaking or extra linguistic situation can be roughly governed by the following factors:

1) the purpose;

It is the most important factor that guides the communication, determines the setting and the choice of the participant. It also directs the activities of the participants and the choice of the subject matter. What is also important to consider is the speakers attitude to the situation or to what he is saying or hearing. The things he is talking about may please him or not, so the subjective or attitudinal & of oral speech becomes a very important characteristic feature.

As for the subject matter or the topic within the activity type should also be specified. So it’s both the activity type and the purpose of communication that can condition the functional variant of pronunciation.

2) participants

Primarily speech peculiarities should depend on the participants themselves, who could be classified into individuals, having their own peculiarities of speech, constituting their own dialects and individuals as members of a significant social grouping, thus representing a kind of dialect. The matter is considered as highly controversial, because one and the same person can function differently or variously: as a father, as a proff man, as a friend, as a colleague…

Age is associated with a role structure in the family and in social groups, with an assignment of authority and status, with different levels of competence.

The speech behavior of a person not only conveys informayion about his or her age but also about the listener or the receiver of the verbal message, thus all people speak and are spoken to in a different way than young people.

3)scene/ setting (time+place)

This component has several factors:

-physical orientations of the participants (the distance between people, proximics studies it)

Setting can be also described in the following terms: public/ private, formal/ informal, monoloquing/ poliloguing, dialoguing, impersonal/ personal, polite/ casual, high cultured/ low cultured

These peculiarities should become the subject of phonetic analysis.