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  1. Open the brackets and use the Gerund in the correct form:

  1. Each agency must be aware of the risk communication programs (plan) and (implement).

  2. The technology for (perform) hazard monitoring varies by hazard agent.

  3. Building contents protection prevents furniture, equipment and other building contents from (damage) or (destroy).

  4. A customer service approach means (place) the needs and interests of individuals and communities first.

  5. Officials are still struggling to stop contaminated water (leak) into the sea.

  6. They died of (bleed) from multiple head wounds.

  1. Combine two sentences using the Gerund:

e.g. We might continue our experiment. We think of doing it. – We think of continuing our experiment.

  1. Building construction practices can limit physical vulnerability. It can be done by building structures whose resistance to hazard impact is high.

  2. Incident managers can provide population protection. This can be accomplished by initiating evacuation, sheltering in-place, and access control.

  3. Belief in disaster myths hampers the effectiveness of emergency planning. It is done by misdirecting resource allocation and information dissemination.

  4. Hazard mitigation plans can be developed. A thorough assessment is used for this.

  5. Risks to people and property from hazards can be reduced. The discipline of mitigation is aimed at this.

  6. Head injuries can be reduced. Helmets are used for this.

  7. The first thing to do is to try to minimise further contamination. You can do it by removing clothes and shoes, and gently washing the skin with soap and water.

  1. Complete the sentences using the Gerund with a preposition:

e.g. The decision makers can be either the population at risk or emergency managers who are responsible(to protect the population at risk). – The decision makers can be either the population at risk or emergency managers who are responsible for protecting the population at risk.

  1. Strategic analysis is aimed… (to understand the hazards to which communities are exposed and the geographic areas at risk).

  2. The most effective method … (to reduce earthquake casualties and damage is by household hazard adjustments).

  3. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has been criticized … (not to get evacuees into more permanent housing quickly enough).

  4. The most common examples of structural mitigation are dams, levees, seawalls, and other permanent barriers that prevent floodwater … (to reach protected areas).

  5. Rescuers decided the best way … (to reach the men was to drill a shaft and winch them to the surface).

  6. Emergency preparedness is achieved … (to plan, train, equip, and exercise the emergency response organization).

  7. Officials sometimes cite expectations of panic as a reason … (to give the public incomplete information about an environmental threat).

  8. After a disaster strikes, uninjured victims are often the first to search for survivors, care for those who are injured, and assist others … (to protect property from further damage).

  9. Initial attempts to stop the leak …(to pour concrete into the containment pit have failed).

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