Lesson 5.

Imagination- воображение To return - возвращаться Research - исследования Wire - провод Coil - катушка

Discovery - открытие To pass - пропускать To connect – связывать, соединять To place - помещать

Inside - внутри Handle - рукоятка Possible - возможный Induce - индуцировать Outside - снаружи

Michael Faraday and his experiments.

Michael Faraday was a great scientist and experimenter. He was born near London on the 22-d of September, 1791 in a poor family.

As a boy Michael did not study much. In 1804, when he was 13 he went to work in a bookbinder’s shop. He worked among books. He began to read them. They arouse his interest in science. He read different papers and made notes.

Once he read a paper of electricity and it struck his imagination. He began to attend different scientists lectures, among them Davy’s. Later Davy gave Faraday a chance to work with him.

Faraday went to Europe wit Davy and there he met Volta and Ampere. When Faraday returned to London he helped Davy in his research.

For five years Faraday studied electricity and different sciences and then he himself began to teach. Faraday made many different experiments. He did not make them only for himself but for other people as well. During his life he made more than two thousand experiments and made many great discoveries. One of his discoveries was the generation of electricity from magnetism.

Today great machines containing magnets generate electricity. But in those days people did not know how to do this.

Faraday made coils of wire and placed them round the magnet. He put wires and magnets in different ways and at last he got an electric current. He moved the magnet near the wire and he got an electric current in the wire. This was a great discovery in the history of electrical experiments.

But Faraday didn't stop at this: he got a current when he moved the wire instead of the magnet. Faraday put two separate coils round the iron (he also put two coils together without the iron) and passed a current through one coil. When he started the current in the first coil he got the current in the second coil. If he did not induce the current in the first coil, he didn't induce any current in the second one. After these experiments he made a machine. He placed a round plate of metal between the ends of a magnet and turned it round with a handle. He connected two wires with this plate: one wire with the outside part of the plate, the second one with the inside. When Faraday turned the plate the machine gave a current of electricity in those two wires. This was the beginning of all the great machines that produce electricity today, and it was Faraday who made this great discovery. This discovery made possible to change one form of energy into another. It was the beginning of the age of electricity.

1. Answer the following questions:

1. When was Faraday born?

2. What was he?

3. Had Faraday a chance to study much when he was a boy?

4. Where did Faraday work when he was 13?

5. How did he read books?

6. Who influenced Faraday?

7. Whom did Faraday meet when he went to Europe?

8. In what field of science did he work?

9. How did he make experiments?

10. Did Faraday stop at his achievements?

11. How many experiments did he make during his life?

12. Who discovered electricity?

2. Give three forms of the following verbs and translate them:

to be, to do, to have, to go, to begin, to read, to put, to make, to strike, to give, to meet, to teach, to know, to get, to become, to come, to write, to understand, to take, to see.

3. Make following sentences negative and interrogative:

I. He read much when he was a boy. 2. They aroused his interest in science. 3. They liked to read papers on electricity. 4. He attended different scientists' lectures.

4. Ask as many questions on each sentence as possible:

1. He went to Europe last year. 2. She spoke French at the meeting. 3. They invited us to the evening-party. 4. My friend began to teach at school two years ago. 5. Faraday made two thousand different experiments.

Laboratory work 5

Ex. I. Listen and repeat the following words and word-groups, translate them into Russian:

1. a great scientist and experimenter; 13. as well;

2. in a poor family; 14. during his life;

3. as a boy; 15. great discoveries;

4. in a bookbinder's shop; 16. one of his discoveries;

5. among books; 17. from magnetism;

6. his interest in science; 18. to make coils of wire;

7. he made notes; 19. in different ways;

8. a paper on electricity; 20. at last;

9. to attend different lectures; 21. instead of the magnet;

10. to give a chance; 22. separate [it];

11. in his research; 23. it was Faraday who;

12. to make experiments; 24. to make possible.

Ex. III. Answer the following questions:

1. When was Faraday born?

2. Where did he work when he was 13?

3. What books did he read?

4. Whose lectures did he attend?

5. What was his great discovery?

Ex. IV. Form the Past Indefinite Tense of the following verbs, pronounce them:

1. to study; 8. to stop; 15. to generate; 22. to begin;

2. to work; 9. to pass; 16. to place; 23. to give;

3. to arouse; 10. to change; 17. to be; 24. to meet;

4. to attend; 11. to turn; 18. to go; 25. to get;

5. to return; 12. to connect; 19. to read; 26. to do;

6. to help; 13. to start; 20. to make; 27. to put;

7. to move; 14. to have; 21. to know; 28. to answer.

Ex. V. Repeat the following sentences after the speaker and translate them into Russian:

1. He went to work in a bookbinder's shop.

2. The books aroused his interest in science.

3. He read articles and made notes.

4. He attended different scientists' lectures.

5. He helped them in their research.

Ex. VI. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative as in the Model:

He went to work when he was a boy.

He did not go to work when he was a boy.

Did he go to work when he was a boy?

Now do It yourself:

1. He read different books.

2. He moved the magnet near the wire.

3. They worked among books.

4. The machine gave an electric current.

Ex. VII. Ask all possible special questions on the following sentences as in the Model:

Faraday went to Europe with Davy.

Who went to Europe with Davy?

Where did Faraday go with Davy?

What did Faraday do?

Whom did Faraday go to Europe with?

Now do it yourself:

1. He made many experiments during his life. 2. He passed the current through the coil.

Ex. VIII. Say if you agree or not to the following statements using correspondingly: you are right — верно, you are not quite right — неверно.

1. Faraday made experiments and taught.

2. Faraday was born in a rich family.

3. Faraday discovered electricity from magnetism.

4. Books aroused his interest in science.

Ex. IX. Translate into English:

1. Фарадей провел более 2000 экспериментов.

2. Фарадей не остановился на этом.

3. Кто сделал это великое открытие? — Фарадей.

6 урок

circuit important oscillation receiver transmitter in order to pendulum to pull to release movement half deflection to complete complete p.m. (Post Meridiem "after noon")

цепь, контур, схема важный колебание приемник передатчик для того, чтобы маятник тянуть освобождать движение половина отклонение завершать, совершать полный после полудня

frequency property to damp as a result of to decrease loss to become (became -become) to grow (grew -grown) to increase to pass while thus through a.m. (Ante Meridiem)("before noon")

частота свойство затухать в результате уменьшать (ся) потеря становиться расти, увеличиваться проходить, пропускать в то время как, пока таким образом через, сквозь до полудня, в первуй половине дня