• 5. Operating systems

Basic definition of the operating system (OS) is a basic system program in the computer

Hardware – software layered structure- Hardware, firmware, BIOS, OS, Applications, User

Operating systems characteristics Software,Source management and control (hardware),Task management, Communication with the user, File management, Networking, Peripherals, Security, Multitasking

Basic categories of operating systems according to the use and functions

Single user(Eg. in Windows –multi user profiles, but only one can work a time) vs. multi user OS (Linux) Single tasking vs. multi tasking OS Multiprocessing in the computer (Single core, miltu core) Basic OS components Loader, Kernel –core, Memory controller, File systems,Drivers, Interface Memory management and virtual memory use of virtual memory, HW - 4GB RAM, the total system memory as 10gb, Swap file on the disk, Allows to run programmes, even if that was not enough physical memory, Kernel manages swapping data from RAM to the HDD and load them back, The less physical memory, the more it uses HDD – “crunching" while loading functions in OS Helps to protect data Data deletion Critical functions,Safety equipment for sale, Deletion of information about the data.User access rights to data User interface in OS (GUI, shell) Shell Command line, For a professional faster more than "clickable" application, Linux, UNIX, WindowsA full-featured system management tool||||

GUI Graphical User Interface, User-friendly, Higher demands on system source

Mobile operating systems – basic overview, market shares Operating system

optimized for portable devices, Primarily with the touch screen without keyboard, Low power consumption,Mobile processors

6. Computer software

Definition of computer software A computer program is a sequence of instructions given computer Categories of computer software Application, System software

Application – enables business-type writing a document, spreadsheet calculations, file management vs. system software allows you to run application software on the computer, ie. takes care of the communication between the CPU, memory, I / O devices and other components

Layers of the computer architecture Inside the hardware, system software - operating system,Development tools for creating applications, Application software

Ownership of software

Licensed software User pays for the permission to use the software, A license to use the software, however, does not give ownership of the software into the hands of users, only entitles to use the software, User may not make copies of licensed software, the license is for personal use only, Examples: MS Windows, MS Office, Mac OS, Oracle

Freeware The Software is protected by copyright law (copyright), but its use is free of charge, User of freeware cannot copy, modify, and distribute without permission of the author, Usually, it is possible to use this software, but not to resell Shareware Could be used for free or for a small fee, User has no access and rights to the source code. Public-domain software Public-domain software, Any program that is not covered by the copyright laws (copyright), Public-domain is free and can be freely used without restrictions, Public-domain name is incorrectly included into freeware, which is subject to the copyright!

Open source software Widely used in software packages such as the Linux

operating system, Apache (web server), Sendmail, Open source software is often more reliable and safer than commercial (paid) software,Using open source can be associated hidden costs, especially missing user support and troubleshooting product performance

Basic kinds of application software for computers

Text editors – categories,Offer basic functionality for working with

text, Splitting text editors by functionality:editors programs1. Text editor2. Word processors 3. HTML editors. functions creation and editing of a document, formatting text (characters, paragraphs, pages,

Spreadsheet programs Processing data in table

form, File = spreadsheet(workbook), Wide range of applications, Lower cost than database programs

Database programsDatabase management system (DBMS) = interface and features for users,Query Language (SQL),Access, FoxPro, 602 SQL, Oracle, DB / 2

Raster Each object is composed of a fixed number of dots (pixels),Loss of detail when changing, The increase in file size, Graphic formats:BMP – Bitmap, PNG - lossless compression, JPEG - lossy compression, photo TIFF - Tag Image File Format, lossless storage, photo, GIF - lossless compression, simpler graphics,Raster graphics editors: Photo Paint (Corel), Photoshop (Adobe), GIMP (GNU GPL) vs. vector graphics Each object is described by a mathematical function -> does not save the map, but the formula for rendering elements (points, curves, surfaces),Maintaining object sizes, Smaller file size, Graphic formats:– CDR - Corel Draw program– SVG - open text format, web

– WMF - Windows Meta File, drawings in MS Office,Vector graphics editors: Corel DRAW, Adobe Illustrator(also Photoshop), Xare Xtreme, Macromedia Free Hand, Adobe Fireworks, ...

Office suites – MS Office and its alternatives Since 1989 (the original version for Mac OS!), Open Office,

Software as a service – advantages Free or a small fee ("not buy software in a box"), No installation and update, Minimum hardware requirements, Share documents without their own server, Portability of documents, To access data from any computer with an Internet connection disadvantages – Data security - remote, foreign server, Speed, Limited functionality, Dependence on Internet connection, Future charges can exceed the cost of purchasing, office suite