- •2. Morphological structure of words. Types of morphemes. Morphological classification of words
- •3. Word as the main unit studied in lexicology. Its main characteristic features
- •4. Derivational structure of words
- •6. Synonyms, their classification
- •7. Two approaches to the definition of meaning
- •8. Antonyms and their classification
- •9. Meaning, correlation of meaning and concept. Types of meaning
- •Vinogradov: the meaning of a word can be:
- •3. Collegiationally and collocationally conditioned meanings are not free, but bound.
- •4. Phraseologically bound meaning.
- •10. Semantic fields and lexico-semantic groups
- •11. Dennotational and connatational meanings
- •12. Homonyms, their classification
- •13. Meaning and morpheme, types of morpheme's meaning
- •14. Compounding. Compound words and their classification
- •2.3.1 Compound Nouns
- •2.3.2 Compound Adjectives
- •15)Motivation and meaning. Types of motivation
- •16. Affixation as a way of enriching vocabulary. Classification of affixes
- •Infixes
- •17)Stylistic differentiation of words
- •18. Conversion as a way of forming new words. Semantic relation between pairs of words formed by conversion
- •19. Polysemy and semantic structure of the words
- •20. Phraseological units, their distinctive features. Criteria of differentiation of phraseological units and words. Classification of phraseological units.
- •Phraseology.
- •3 Types of lexical combinability of words:
- •2). Collocations.
- •3). Idioms
- •Semantic classification:
- •2 Criteria:
- •21. English outside of England (American, Canadian, Australian and other variants of English). Dialects
- •Classification of borrowings according to the degree of assimilation
- •Classification of borrowings according to the language from which they were borrowed romanic borrowings.
- •Germanic borrowings
- •23)Lexicography as a science
- •2. Dictionary: notion, functions, classification, components
- •24. Optional ways of forming new ways (abbreviation, blendings, and others).
- •Formation
- •Lexical selection
2.3.2 Compound Adjectives
English compound adjectives are constructed in a very similar way to the compound noun. Black board jungle, gunmetal sheen and green monkey disease are only a few examples.
There are some similarities in forming English and German compound nouns: The components of some compound nouns may be joined with the help of linking consonant: English compound nouns statesman, sportsman nouns statesman, and sportsman are joined with the consonant "s".
German compound nouns are joined:
· with the help of linking element - "s" or "es"
die Arbeit + s + der Plan = der Arbeitsplan
das Land + es + die Grenze = die Landesgrenze
· with the help of " - in" or " - en".
der Student + en + die Versammlung = die Studentenversammlung
· with the help of linking element "e"
halt(en) + e + das Signal = das Haltesignal.
· without a' linking element:
der Tausch + der Wert = der Tauschwert.
But in Uzbek all compound nouns are joined together without any linking element.
A compound adjective is a modifier of a noun. It consists of two or more morphemes of which the left - hand component limits or changes the modification of the right - hand one, as in "the dark - green dress": dark limits the green that modifies dress.
15)Motivation and meaning. Types of motivation
Motivation is the driving force which causes us to achieve goals. Motivation is said to be intrinsicintrinsic or extrinsicextrinsic . The term is generally used for humans but, theoretically, it can also be used to describe the causes for animal behavior as well. This article refers to human motivation. According to various theories, motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object, goalgoal , state of being, idealideal , or it may be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruismaltruism , selfishnessselfishness , moralitymorality , or avoiding mortalitymortality . Conceptually, motivation should not be confused with either volitionvolition or optimismoptimism .Motivation is related to, but distinct from,emotionemotion .
Types of motivation
(1) Achievement Motivation
It is the drive to pursue and attain goals. An individual with achievement motivation wishes to achieve objectives and advance up on the ladder of success. Here, accomplishment is important for its own shake and not for the rewards that accompany it. It is similar to ‘Kaizen’ approach of Japanese Management.
(2) Affiliation Motivation
It is a drive to relate to people on a social basis. Persons with affiliation motivation perform work better when they are complimented for their favorable attitudes and co-operation.
(3) Competence Motivation
It is the drive to be good at something, allowing the individual to perform high quality work. Competence motivated people seek job mastery, take pride in developing and using their problem-solving skills and strive to be creative when confronted with obstacles. They learn from their experience.