Грамматические упражнения для выполнения в межсессионный период

1. Запишите словами

2002; 17; 1941; 237; 2/5; 27.5; April 17; 4.4; 25; IX; 25,000,000; 1,567

2. Запишите цифрами

Two thousand and twenty five; twenty seven; the second of May; one million thirty four thousand three hundred and sixty nine; one fifth; one point eight; a quarter.

3. Образуйте и запишите порядковые числительные

25-ый, 342-ой, 115-ый, 1937-ой, 16-ый, 80-ый

4. Определите видовременные формы глаголов в следующих предложениях.

1. Не has already finished to read this book. You may take it. 2. The lecture was attended by many students. 3. The picture is looked at with great interest. 4. I was told to come at once. 5. Much attention will be paid to this research work. 6. He said that they had already returned home. 7. I’ll be dressed in a minute. 8. The door is locked and we can’t get in. 9. Was your poem published?

5. Поставьте глаголы в нужном времени.

1.What foreign languages (study) you at the University? - I (study) English. 2. Our new school (built) last year. 3. This young man (have) breakfast and now (go) downstairs into the hall. 4. I (not see) her since we left school. 5. He (finish) his work by the time we (come). 6. His report (discuss) yesterday. 7. His lectures (attend) by many students

8. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты подчеркните.

1. He may stay here for some time. 2. She can’t find a good answer. 3. We are to repeat this rule. 4. They must attend lectures on English literature. 5. He had to finish this work in time. 6. May I have a look at it? – No, you mustn’t. 7. . You ought to help your sister in English. 8. We were able to finish this work in time. 9. Shall we have to go to the library today? - No, you needn’t. 10. You should buy a new coat for your sister.

9. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Должны ли мы перевести этот текст? - Нет, не надо. 2. Вы можете найти эту книгу в любом книжном магазине. 3. Мы должны принести наши тетради на следующий урок. 4. Можете взять вашу книгу, она мне больше не нужна. 5. Мы больше не можем ждать ее. Нам надо идти в университет.

10. Откройте скобки и поставьте модальные глаголы в нужную форму.

1. I (can) speak English. 2. I (can) ski when I was seven. 3. I (may) to go to the club when my mother comes. 4. The students (have) to work hard. 5. I’ve bought new skates and tomorrow I (can) skate. 6. It is cold today. You (should) put on your coat. 7. We (have) to wait as the manager was out. 8. We (be) to meet on Monday. 8. Every young man (must) serve in the army. 9. You (ought) to be more attentive at the lessons

TEXT 1

1. Перепишите в ваши словари следующие слова и словосочетания, расположив их в алфавитном порядке, напишите их транскрипцию, переведите и выучите .

Mind, soul, definition, to identify, scientifically, to exist, creature, spirit, approach, to observe, observable, to define, brain, cell, to specify, patience, to govern, measurable, evidence, to predict, variety

2. Определите значения слов, не пользуясь словарем. Напишите транскрипцию этих слов.

Abstraction, biological, component, definition, discipline, method, moment, phenomenon, theoretical, to control, idea, to concentrate, concrete, effect, interest

3. Прочитайте и переведите весь текст. Подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.

The word “psychology” is made up from two Greek words: “psyche”, meaning mind or soul, and “logos”, meaning word or study. “Psychology”, then, means “the study of the mind”, and this is one way of describing what psychologists try to do.

“Mind” is left from the earlier century when it was thought that a man was controlled by some small creature or spirit within. Later this idea was modified and mind was thought of as some operating and controlling process, which was different from the body. So psychologists, as scientists, paid their attention to a more concrete approach to the study of man. They began to concentrate upon the observable effects of the “mind” - that is the way in which we behave.

Psychology may be defined as the scientific study of the behaviour of man and other animals. It is not the only branch of science which examines people, but psychology differs from other disciplines in that it is concerned chiefly with behaviour

Psychologists are primarily interested in man’s performance. But they also try to relate their theories of behaviour to what is known of the structure and workings of the body

4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1.How many words is the word “psychology” made up from? 2. What is the meaning of the word “psychology”? 3. Has anybody been able to identify “the mind” scientifically? 4. May psychology be defined as the scientific study of the behaviour of man and other animals? 6. It is man’s performance in which psychologists are primarily interested, isn’t it?

5. Задайте к тексту 6 вопросов различных типов

6. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните те, которые соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. The word “psychology” is taken from Latin. It means the study of the mind. 2. It is impossible to isolate or identify “the mind”. 3. Besides psychology there are many branches of science, which study people. 4. Physiologists study the processes that govern behaviour.

7. Дайте русские эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям:

the definition of science, a concrete approach, observable effects, to predict and control human behaviour, the particular methods of approach, to represent different aspects of meanings, a branch of biological science, the present level of knowledge, man’s performance, structure and workings of the body.

TEXT 2

1. Перепишите в ваши словари следующие слова и словосочетания, расположив их в алфавитном порядке, протранскрибируйте, переведите и выучите их.

Law, to provide, individual freedom, economic growth, political stability, simplicity, flexibility, amendment, to emerge, to declare, independence, draft, to adopt, to sign, to ratify, defense, legislature, to amend, charter, centralized form of government, background

2. Определите значения слов, не пользуясь словарем

Constitution, central instrument, evolution, political, individual, economic, social progress, model, colony, document, debate, nation, to ratify, critical, Continental Congress, Confederation, delegate, leader, ocean, chaos, finance

3. Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст. Подчеркните предложения, содержащие Present Perfect.

The Constitution of the United States of America is the central instrument of American government and the supreme law of the country. For more than 200 years it has guided the evolution of governmental institutions and has provided the basis for political stability, individual freedom, economic growth and social progress.

The American Constitution is the world’s oldest written constitution in force. It is one that has served as the model for a number of other constitutions around the world. The Constitution owes its staying power to its simplicity and flexibility. Originally designed to provide a framework for governing four million people in 13 very different colonies along the Atlantic coast, it now with only 26 amendments serves the needs of more than 240 million people in 50 even more diverse states that stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

A draft of the Constitution document emerged in 1787. The 13 British colonies declared their independence from England in 1776. While still at war, the colonies - now calling themselves the United States of America - drafted a compact which bound them together as a nation. The document, designated the “Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union”, was adopted by a Congress of the states in 1777, and formally signed in July 1778. The Articles became binding when they were ratified by the 13th state, Maryland, in March 1781.

4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1. What is the supreme law of the United States of America? 2. The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world, isn’t it? 3. When did a draft of the Constitution document emerge in ? 4. When did the 13 British colonies declare their independence from England?

5. Задайте к тексту 6 вопросов различных типов.

6. Переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните те, которые соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. The delegates of the Federal Convention included the outstanding people of the nation. 2. Some of them agreed to the preamble to the Constitution. 3. The delegates were authorized to construct a charter for a more centralized form of government. 4. In March 1781 the Articles of Confederation were ratified by 13 states. 5. For more than 200 years the Constitution has guided the evolution of governmental institutions.

7. Дайте русские эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям

Draft document, intense debate, in force, neither straight nor easy, public finance, close to chaos, a rope of sand, more centralized form, central objectives, promote general welfare, supreme law, political stability, under these circumstances, wide range of interests

TEXT 3

1.Перепишите в ваши словари следующие слова и словосочетания, расположив их в алфавитном порядке, протранскрибируйте, переведите и выучите их.

Pain, necessity, remedy, to find out, discouragement, overwork, misfortune, forgetfulness,, to imagine, imagination, congenital, degeneracy, ignorance, influence, almshouse, dependence, to urge, to cramp, adolescent, to behave, charity

2. Определите значение слов, не пользуясь словарем

Social, medical, alcoholism, expert, financial, paralyzed, diagnosis, mental, horizon, problem, character, individual, moral, structure, person, factor, analysis, profession

3. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите первые три абзаца

Social work as a profession is new. The motives, the efforts and the effective practice of social work, - all this is ancient and tolerably familiar. But the organization of these efforts into a definite profession, trained, paid, is a matter of hardly more than a decade.

The value of a social worker and his recognition are considerably limited by the fact that often he himself cannot say what the value of his profession is. He is an expert. What is his special field of knowledge and of skill? Let’s look through only one aspect of his work.

Poverty is to social work as pain is to medical work. The true business of a social worker is psychical diagnosis and treatment. Character and the influences molding it, this is the subject of our injury.

Another evidence that character study appears when we ask: Why do we allow many widows and children, and most that are sick and aged, to be dependent? Why do we not urge them all on into the ranks of the self-supporting? Some children, many women and a certain number of sick and aged men are doubtless the better for earning their salt; the others are not. The principle of decisions, which seems to be recognized by expert social workers is this: What is best for the individual’s development and for the community?

4.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1. Is social work as a profession new or ancient? 2. Does a social worker always understand the value of his profession? 3. Is it good for a person to be dependent financially or in any other way? 4. Why do some old people need to work? 5. What is the main task of a social worker?

5. Задайте к тексту 6 вопросов различных типов

6. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните те, которые соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. It is good for the mental life to be dependent. 2. Some children, some sick and old people have to work for a living. 3. They work to keep their souls alive. 4. The main thing to be learned by social workers is the psychical factor in social work.

7. Дайте русские эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям

the value of a social worker, thorough diagnosis, financial breakdown, sound life, untainted character, into a merely brutal or vegetable existence, a problem in horticulture, mental and moral life, to work for a living