Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 9

1. Прочитайте надані тексти (7-12). Дайте письмову відповідь на наступні питання.

1. How does the bank make its main profit?

2. What do people 'plough back' into the system?

3. How is demand indicated?

4. What, in economic theory, is `labour’?

5. Among whom does competition take place?

2. Прочитайте надані тексти (7-12). Визначте, чи подані нижче висловлювання до текстів є вірними чи невірними. Якщо висловлювання невірне, запишіть правильний варіант.

1. Vegetarians rate the utility of meat very highly.

2. In a centrally-planned economy, decisions about priorities are related to utility.

3. The actual stock of cars in a factory is usually the same as the supply of cars available on the market.

4. When people offer money for particular goods, they indicate that a demand exists.

5. Employers and employees share the risk in financing new enterprises.

3. Поясніть своїми словами на англійській мові значення наступних слів і виразів.

1. money

2. surplus

3. business

4. labour

5. market

4. Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами з текстів (7-12) (подана перша літера слова та кількість літер в слові вказана в дужках).

1. Many famous e______(10) are also excellent mathematicians, philosophers, political economists, etc.

2. In economic theory, s______ (6) is the amount available for sale.

3. Money is the standard by which the value of things is j_____(7).

4. The factory is not only producing less every year, but also losing v_____(8) workers.

5. The employees of the business do not b_____(4) the risk while employers do.

6. Stable conditions led to an i_____(11) in the general state of the economy.

7. The economic system is not only the sum-total of our individual activities, but also the general situation which i_____(10) our individual activities.

8. The utility of a commodity consequently decreases as the consumer’s s_____(5) increases.

9. Our decisions indicate our scale of p_____(11) and therefore our priorities.

10. Utility is not the same as u_____(11).

5. Перекладіть поданий нижче текст українською мовою.

Government and Business

To what extent should a government interfere in the economic system? There are two extremes concerning this problem. On the one hand a government can intervene minimally, allowing the forces of demand and supply and the price mechanism to determine what goods and services are to be produced. This is called a laissez-faire policy. The argument is that people will vote with their money for the sorts of things they want. If they want to read a particular newspaper, they will buy it, and the newspaper will stay in business. If they do not like the newspaper, they will not buy it, and the newspaper will go out of business. The same applies to television sets and motorcars, holidays in Spain and Chinese restaurants.

Quite the opposite is the centrally planned economy in which the government makes all the major decisions such as what is going to be produced, who is going to produce it, where it is going to be produced, and who is going to benefit from it when it is produced.