Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 7

1. Прочитайте надані тексти (7-12). Дайте письмову відповідь на наступні питання.

1. What remains unchanged with each successive purchase of a commodity?

2. What do we do when we exercise our choice?

3. What does the ruling market price indicate?

4. How is the past used to finance the future?

5. In what way do banks co-operate with governments?

2. Прочитайте надані тексти (7-12). Визначте, чи подані нижче висловлювання до текстів є вірними чи невірними. Якщо висловлювання невірне, запишіть правильний варіант.

1. Coins are adequate for big transactions, i.e. for general business.

2. Supply and demand inevitably affect prevailing prices.

3. A market for a commodity is created whenever buyers and sellers meet in person but not when they work through their agents.

4. Employees enjoy the surplus in industry that we usually call 'profits'.

5. Legal tender must change hands when we do business and we must see it change hands.

3. Поясніть своїми словами на англійській мові значення наступних слів і виразів.

1. fixed wages

2. enterprise

3. return on the investment

4. marketplace

5. fluctuations in price

4. Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами з текстів (7-12) (подана перша літера слова та кількість літер в слові вказана в дужках).

1. From a legal and financial accounting standpoint the term d_______(7) is actually used by the banking industry in financial statements to describe the liability owed by the bank to its depositor.

2. A purchase is the most common type of a financial t_______(11) when an item or good is exchanged for money.

3. The real value of money is determined by its p_______(10) power, which in turn depends on the level of commodity prices.

4. In addition to acting as a lender for loans and mortgages, banks act as a b______(8) in a special type of loan called an account.

5. One of the principal subfields of contemporary economics concerns money, which should not be surprising since one of the oldest, most widely accepted functions of government is control over this basic m_______(6) of exchange.

6. A security thread and microprinting were introduced in 1990, first in $50 and $100 n_______(5), to deter counterfeiting by advanced copiers and printers.

7. Historically, banknotes were linked directly to gold. There was something called the Gold S_______(8) and, originally, every banknote was backed by its value in gold.

8. Savings and loan associations c_______(7) with retail banks; for example, by offering interest-bearing chequing accounts.

9. As financial m_____(7) are now so liberalized, and information technology so developed, individual investors can use whichever stock exchange system is the cheapest or most efficient.

10. The economic term ‘c_____’(7) refers to such things as the equipment, machinery, vehicles and so on that a business uses to make its product or service.

5. Перекладіть поданий нижче текст українською мовою.

Finances in a market economy

In the markets for goods, services and labour, prices are expressed in terms of some currency, or money. But money itself is also traded in market economies, because some people want to save money to use in the future, while other people — including many businesses — want to borrow money to use today. The price for the use of that money — known as an interest rate — is determined in the markets where these funds are exchanged.

From a broader perspective, banks and other firms in a market economy's financial sector are most important in linking those who have resources to save and invest with those who have the most promising uses for those funds, and are therefore willing to pay for their use. Through these markets, decisions about how and where to invest funds are decentralized, just as production and consumption decisions are decentralized in the markets for goods and services.