4. Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами з текстів (7-12) (подана перша літера слова та кількість літер в слові вказана в дужках).

1. Market value is the p_______ (10) power of a commodity in the open market on a given day; normal value is the value that would prevail if competitive forces worked without friction.

2. Money-market funds, which many investors look upon as an alternative to a bank a_______(7), seek complete safety of capital in short-term investments.

3. Any item that is widely accepted in exchange for the goods and services offered to consumers in a given market is considered to be the m_______(6) of exchange.

4. A fee paid on borrowed capital is called i_______(8).

5. A bank is a business that is based almost entirely on financial t_______(12): lending and borrowing money.

6. The first Greek c_______(5) were made initially of copper, then of iron.

7. The US Federal Reserve System was established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and was authorized to issue Federal Reserve N_______(5), now the only U.S. currency produced and 99 percent of all currency in circulation.

8. In some parts of the world, salt was used like a currency because it was v_______(8).

9. Money is what money does and therefore is all to do with t_______(5). If you believe that a banknote has value, it does have value.

10. Since the founding of the USA the nation has moved from a decentralized to a fairly centralized monetary system with a uniform national currency with legal t______(6) status.

5. Перекладіть поданий нижче текст українською мовою.

Prices and Consumer Incomes

The other economic factor that consumers must consider carefully in making their purchases of goods and services is their own level of income. Most people earn their income from the work they perform, whether as physicians, carpenters, teachers, plumbers, assembly line workers, or clerks in retail stores. Some people also receive income by renting or selling land and other natural resources they own, as profit from a business or entrepreneurial venture, or from interest paid on their savings accounts or other investments.

The important points here are that: 1) in a market economy, the basic resources used to make the goods and services that satisfy consumer demands are owned by private consumers and households; and 2) the payments, or incomes, that households receive for these productive resources rise and fall.

6. Заповніть пропуски в реченнях прийменниками, якщо необхідно.

1. The banana cannot satisfy the same wants ___ the textbook.

2. Innumerable acts of trust build ___ the system of which bankers, depositors and borrowers are part.

3. ___ this reason, economists and financiers often talk of the liquidity of money.

4. Non-essential commodities like chocolates cannot be compared ___ basic necessities like shelter.

5. No interest is paid by the bank ___ current account.

7. Заповніть пропуски в реченнях модальними дієсловами must, needn't, or mustn't. Перекладіть отримані речення українською мовою.

1 James needs these documents urgently, so you ________ fax them to him immediately.

2 Good, we all seem to agree. We ______ discuss the matter any further.

3 We've still got plenty of stock. We ________ order any more yet.

4 Our health care products are selling really well. Our marketing manager ______ make sure we keep our market share.

5 I hear you're coming over to England next month. You ________ give me a ring.