5. Перекладіть поданий нижче текст українською мовою.

Utility is an abstract concept rather than a concrete, observable quantity. The units to which we assign an “amount” of utility, therefore, are arbitrary, representing a relative value. Total utility is the aggregate sum of satisfaction or benefit that an individual gains from consuming a given amount of goods or services in an economy. The amount of a person's total utility corresponds to the person's level of consumption. Usually, the more the person consumes, the larger his or her total utility will be. Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction, or amount of utility, gained from each extra unit of consumption.

Although total utility usually increases as more of a good is consumed, marginal utility usually decreases with each additional increase in the consumption of a good. This decrease demonstrates the law of diminishing marginal utility. Because there is a certain threshold of satisfaction, the consumer will no longer receive the same pleasure from consumption once that threshold is crossed. In other words, total utility will increase at a slower pace as an individual increases the quantity consumed.

6. Заповніть пропуски в реченнях прийменниками, якщо необхідно.

1. This purchasing power is dependent ___ supply and demand.

2. Commodities which are easy to transport, safe to handle and simple to grade are generally ___ universal demand.

3. He is not concerned ___ non-essential commodities.

4. It is possible to distinguish ___ practice four kinds of monopolies.

5. These rates usually exceed the rates offered ___ depositors.

7. Виберіть правильний варіант з модальних дієслів. Перекладіть отримані речення українською мовою.

1. You must/needn't save a file before you turn the computer off, or you will lose it.

2. I'm afraid this is a non-smoking office, so you haven't got to/can't smoke in here.

3. Employees are reminded that they mustn't/needn't use the office phone to make personal calls.

4. You needn't/mustn't send that reminder to Eastwood's - they paid the invoice this morning.

5. In countries like Iran, you don't have to/can't buy or sell alcohol.

8. Заповніть пропуски в реченнях поставивши дієслова у формі інфінітива або герундія.

1. I don't mind _______ (travel) as long as there are no delays.

2. We can arrange ______ (supply) you with an initial order of 1,000 cases, and I enclose our current price list, which I believe you will find very competitive.

3. If you decide _____ (go) ahead with the order, we will agree to give you the14% quantity discount.

4. Please note that we guarantee ______ (deliver) firm orders within four weeks.

5. I firmly deny _______ (pass) on any trade secrets.

9. Перекладіть подані нижче речення англійською мовою.

1. Попит визначається нашим бажанням запропонувати гроші за певні товари або послуги.

2. Людина не може змінювати ціни на товари, які вона хоче купити.

3. Уряд змінив політику.

4. Хоча ціна на м’ясні продукти змінилася, їх якість залишилась такою самою.

5. Деякі інвестиції є прибутковими.