5. Запишіть наступні речення. Поставте речення у пасивний стан. Перекладіть змінені речення українською мовою.

1. Economists study our everyday lives.

2. Karl Marx developed the principles of communism.

3. The government may impose some limits upon personal freedom of citizens.

4. All economic activities make up the economic system.

5. We buy essential commodities with money.

6. People provide goods and services.

6. Об’єднайте 2 речення за зразком так, щоб утворилося умовне речення 1, 2 або 3 типу. Речення запишіть.

Example: Citizens will be provided with essential services. The government introduces a new scheme.

Citizens will be provided with essential services if the government introduces a new scheme.

1. You buy a great number of goods. We will give you a 10% discount.

2. There is no system of control. The employers may employ workers for long hours.

3. You work together on it. You would complete the work more rapidly.

4. We had a computer. Life would be more enjoyable.

5. You want to start a new business. You must earn much money.

6. You buy a great number of goods. We will give you a 7% discount.

7. Дайте письмовий переклад поданого нижче тексту українською мовою.

Unlike communism and socialism, capitalism relies on markets, not government, to decide what, when, and for whom to produce. For this reason, capitalist systems are also called market economies. Capitalism is characterized by private ownership of the factors of production and by a need for entrepreneurship.

Capitalism offers individuals great freedom of choice in what work they do and where they do it. Profits motivate entrepreneurs to use resources efficiently and to produce goods that consumers most want. Capitalism is usually given credit for our nation's growth and rise to international prominence.

However, the profit motive sometimes becomes so strong that businesses have increased profits by dumping pollutants into nearby rivers or by eliminating competitors or by making extravagant but untrue claims about their products.

8. Перекладіть подані нижче речення англійською мовою.

1. Якщо ви працюватимете разом, будуючи цей дім, ви завершите це все швидше.

2. Можливо, життя буде приємнішим, якщо ми матимемо радіо та іграшки для дітей.

3. Якби робітники були повністю вільними, вони могли б прийти працювати тільки тоді, коли б їм конче були б потрібні гроші.

4. Він хоче купити цей будинок зараз, хоча йому слід зачекати поки в нього буде достатньо грошей і на будинок і на меблі.

5. Деякі люди планують свої витрати

Контрольна робота №1

Варіант 9

1. Прочитайте надані тексти (1-6). Дайте письмову відповідь на наступні питання.

1. What do people produce?

2. What two things can work provide for the worker?

3. In what two fields can standard economics be divided in?

4. Why does complete economic freedom of actions cause great difficulties?

5. What is the American system based on?

2. Прочитайте надані тексти (1-6). Визначте, чи подані нижче висловлювання до текстів є вірними чи невірними. Якщо висловлювання невірне, запишіть правильний варіант.

1. The range of human wants is very complex.

2. Clothes and shelter are non-essential human needs.

3. Marxism is concerned with the needs of the private individual.

4. Collective needs are more important in a communist state than the needs of the individual.

5. The interest of the under-developed countries in long-term planning is inevitable.

3. Поясніть своїми словами на англійській мові значення наступних слів і виразів.

1. economic activity

2. labour

3. economy

4. public sector

5. private enterprise

4. Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами з текстів (1-6) (подана перша літера слова та кількість літер в слові вказана в дужках).

1. A monopoly firm has a great control over the prices it c_______ (7).

2. We buy basic n_______(11) even if the prices rise steeply, but we buy other things only when they are relatively cheap.

3. The surplus from the whole business is the reward of private enterprise and is known as a p_______6).

4. A special relationship exists between goods and services on the one hand and a consumer and his m_______(5) on the other hand.

5. Actually, a m_______(5) economy possesses qualities both of capitalistic and communistic systems.

6. Even in capitalist countries strategic industries (like coal and steel) remain n_______(12).

7. Although private property is not permitted according to the communist theory, in practice people are allowed to have personal e_______(7).

8. Money is the standard by which the value of things is j_______(6).

9. Sometimes it is necessary to a_______(6) the quantity of goods flowing on to the market to suit the current market conditions.

10. Basic human needs are simple, but every individual has additional personal wants which may be very c_______(7).