Noun: case

Case is the immanent morphological category of the noun manifested in the forms of noun declension and showing the relations of the nounal referent to other objects and phenomena. 2 main cases:

"possessive" case, or the "genitive" case - The apostrophised -s serves to distinguish in writing the singular noun in the genitive case from the plural noun in the common case.

"common" case.

the category of case is important problem, there are 4 points of view:

1. "theory of positional cases"-J. C. Nesfield, M. Deutschbein, M. Bryant

analogy of classical Latin grammar,

The nominative case (subject to a verb): Rain falls. The vocative case (address): Are you coming, my friend? The dative case (indirect object to a verb): I gave John a penny. The accusative case (direct object, and also object to a preposition): The man killed a rat. The earth is moistened by rain.

2. "theory of prepositional cases". -G. Curme - connected with the old school grammar teaching. combinations of nouns with prepositions should be understood as morphological case forms. "dative" case (to+Noun, for+Noun) "genitive" case (of+Noun). These prepositions, are "inflexional prepositions",

3. "limited case theory" - H. Sweet, O. Jespersen A. I. Smirnitsky, L. S. Barkhudarov

two case forms: the possessive or genitive form and the common, or "non-genitive" form The opposition is shown as being effected in full with animate nouns, though a restricted use with inanimate nouns is also taken into account.

4. "theory of the possessive postposition" - G. N. Vorontsova no cases

The solution of the problem, is synthesis of the limited case theory and the possessive postposition theory.

A two case declension of nouns should be recognised in English, with its common case as a "direct" case, and its genitive case as the only oblique case.

English genitive expresses a wide range of relational meanings

1. "genitive of possessor" - belonging -Christine's living-room

2. "genitive of integer" (part of smth) Jane's busy hands; Patrick's voice;

A subtype "genitive of received qualification" Mr. Dodson's vanity; the computer's reliability.

3. "genitive of agent" or "subjective" the great man's arrival; Peter's insistence;

A subtype "genitive of author" Beethoven's sonatas; John Galsworthy's "A Man of Property";

4. "genitive of patient" - recipient of the action Erick's final expulsion

5. "genitive of destination" -for whom - women's footwear; children's verses

6. "genitive of dispensed qualification"a girl's voice; a book-keeper's statistics;

subtype is the "genitive of comparison" the cock's self-confidence of the man;

7. "genitive of adverbial" - day and time - the evening's newspaper; Moscow's talks.

8. "genitive of quantity" three miles' distance; an hour's delay;

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The personal pronouns:

nominative case (I, you, he, etc.)

objective case (me, you, him, etc.). conjoint form (my, your, his, etc.) and the absolute form (mine, yours, his, etc.).