15. The noun as gram.Class of words in the contrasted lang

As any other class of word noun should be charectorized acc.to 5 criteria

1. general implicit mean

2. gram.category

3. system of derivational morpheme

4. combinability

5. syntactic function in the sentence

General implicit mean-is substantivity (is a very polysemic notion. It includes the nomination of the hman being, inanimate object, abstract notions, locations, qualities, names of matter)

From morphological point of view EN & UA nouns are characterized by gram.category of number &case (EN); number, case, gender (UA).

Each notional in En & UA are characterized by specific set of derivational affixes, which predominates in UA. EN nouns have prefixes: ex- co-; while UA have much wider: від- пре- роз-.

Both EN & UA nouns has left-hand & righr-hand connection with other notionals & function.

The most typical is left-had connection are articles (EN) pronouns (both, all кожний, якийсь), adj, numerals, gerund. PI, PII

Right-hand connection: finite verbs, prepositions, numerals.

From the syntactic point of view it is necessary to divide functions of nouns into:

1. substantive nouns occur quite frequently functions corresponds to the mean of Noun-subject & Noun-object.

2. Non-substantive infrequent, having no correspondence to the noun meaning of thingness(predicate, attribute, adv.modif)

Noun is constituted by words, which are grammatically and semantically divided into various classes.

	John	Table	Milk	Student
Article	-	+	-	+
Indefiniteness	-	+	+	+
Plural	-	+	-	+
Case	+	-	-	+

16. Morphological classification of nouns in en & ua

Acc.to the morphological composition EN & UA falls into

• Simple (N consist of root) they prevails in EN because notionals are not distinguished at the language level. It means that words are nor marked by affixes, suffixes or prefixes.

• Derived are n consisting of a root and prefix/suffix. Suffixes are of greater importance for noun-building especially in EN

Acc. Degree of frequency

• Productive

• Less-productive

Acc. Origin

• Native (-ite; -ness; -ry)

• Foreign (international –ism; -ist; -rix;)

Acc.to semantic of noun they build

• Agentive (-er; -or;-ant; -ent;-ard)

• Angentive (UA)(-ань –юр –юк –уч)

• Diminutive (productive: -y –ie –ling –och; less-productive: -enrtt –ur –ор –оньк)

• Abstract notions (-ism – hood –dom –ness-tion –ність –ство –ття –ння)

Prefixes divided acc.to origin

• Native are of Germ.orig (out- miss- over- in- un- на- пра- від- за-)

• Borrowed (anti- ex- in- co- super- vice-)

In both lang the full scheme of morphological composition is: prefix+root+suffix+inflection.

• Compound are nouns consisting of 2 roots. The typical compound is adj+ stem of noun; verb+stem of noun

The problematic is the morph status of such nouns as a common ball, a speech sound as compound noun or free syntactic word combination

• Composit are nouns that are formed from a stable syntactic combination (go-betweens, commander-in-chief, mothe-in-law, take-offs)

In UA composite nouns are requently use for building up names (Рябоконь)

Composite are alsonouns which obligatory definite article (the Dnieper)