43 Predicative word-groups.

Predicative word combinations are distinguished on the basis of secondary predication. Like sentences, predicative word-groups are binary in their structure but actually differ essentially in their organization. The sentence is an independent communicative unit based on primary predication while the predicative word-group is a dependent syntactic unit that makes up a part of the sentence. The predicative word-group consists of a nominal element (noun, pronoun) and a non-finite form of the verb: N + Vnon-fin. There are Gerundial, Infinitive and Participial word-groups (complexes) in the English language: his reading, for me to know, the boy running, etc.)

53 Predicativity and modality of the sentence

Predicativity is a special aspect of the sentence which inables it to function as a communicative unit.

Semantically predicativity is defined as a reference in the sentence informat to the situation of objective reality.

From logical Predicativity is qualified as the relativeness of the sentence information to the proposition to the main form of thought, consisting of a logical subject (the logic of thought ) and a logical predicate (the development of the object of thought).

Formal-syntactical interprets Predicativity as the relations between the gram. subject and the gram. predicate of a sentence.

There is no contradiction between logical and symentic interpretations of Predicativity ad they both take into account difeerent aspects of the same phenomenon: the denote/referent or significant.

But the formal- syntactical approach is unacceptable because subject – predicate relations represent predication but not predicativity.

Predicativity and Predication correlate as meaning and form. Predicativity constitutes the meaning of predication while the predication is basic form of expressing predicativity.

Modality of the sentence includes some aspects which make up a modal hierarchy.

Objective modality:

• expresses the reference of the sentence to objective reality

• is obligatory aspect

• is grammatically represented by the cat of mood.

Subjective modality:

• expresses the attitude of the speaker to the information

• it regards the sentence information as possible, impossible, advisable, strange, important

• is an optional modal characteristics of the sentence

• it is lexiacally expressed mostly by modal words

e.g you certainly (subjective) know (objective) what to do

54 Nucleus-headed structure of the sentence

Each sentense comprises some obligatory parts of the sentence which express the predicative core and can not be omitted form the sentence structure. Thus, the nucleus – headed structure is the set of obligatory parts of the sentence which express finite predication.

Single –headed nucleus –headed structure takes place in one –member sentences and it represents fused predication. In single –headed n-h structure there is no correspondence between the proposition structure and the sentence structure.

Two – headed n-h structure takes place in two-member sentences. In this case it has the absolute correspondence with the sentence structure. This type of nucleus –headed structure takes place in sentences in which predicate is expressed by a verb of complete predication. Three – headed predication consists of 3 components: gram subject, gram predicate, complement (obligatory, secondary part of the sentence that must be realized with the verb in order to express full prediction e.g I saw the girl. Він поводився чемно.). It is found in sentences in which the predicate is expressed by a verb of incomplete predication.