2. Partially assimilated words.

• borrowings non-assimilated semantically. They denote objects and phenomena peculiar to the country from the language of which they were borrowed (e.g. “sari, tsar, sombrero”)

• grammatically. Some Latin and Greek nouns retain their plural form (e.g. “datum-data”)

• phonetically. 1. Some Scandinavian borrowings (sky,ski,skate)

2. Words with initial sounds “V, Z” (voice, zero)

3. Some French borrowings with stress on the final syllable (police, bourgeous, words with [g])

• partly assimilated graphically. E.g. - “phoneme”

3. Non-assimilated words.

These words are not adjusted at all. They sound foreign, are not adapted to the grammatical, phonetical, semantical system of the lang. (dolce vita, coup'd'etat)

They are barbarisms.

Etymological doublets

Etymological doublets - words originating from the same etymological source but differing in phonetic shape and in meanings.

1. Native - native. These doublets are due to deviance of different meanings of one and the same word: shade - shadow, of - off, mead - meadow

2. Native- borrowed element: shirt - skirt, shriek - screech

3. Borrowed - borrowed element. This group presents words borrowed from the same language twice but in different periods: liquor - liqueur, travel - travail.

4. Words represented by 2 borrowings from different languages, which are historically dissented from the same root: sir - senior, treason - tradition.

5. Words, representing a shortened word and the one from which it was derived: history - story, fantasy - fancy, fanatic - fan, defense - fence, shadow - shade.