- •Verbals
- •2. As a predicative after a link verb.
- •4. As a part of a simple verbal predicate in negative and interrogative sentences :
- •5. As a part of a compound verbal modal predicate :
- •6. As a part of a compound verbal aspect (aspective) predicate the infinitive follows :
- •7. As a direct object :
- •I trust them to solve the problem.
- •I encouraged her to tell everything.
- •8. As an attribute :
- •9. As an adverbial modifier of purpose :
- •10. As an adverbial modifier of result :
- •It’s warm enough to bathe. (достаточно)
- •5.Adverbial Modifier of Purpose : Here is some pastry they left for you to eat with
- •6.Adverbial Modifier of Result:
- •Complex Object Construction.
- •I see that you don't know this poem by heart.
- •I've noticed that you liked classical music.
- •The Complex Subject Construction
- •I am believed competent but I am not.
- •Exercise 7. Define the infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal or aspective predicate.
- •Exercise 8. Translate the text into English using the infinitive in the function of a par of a compound verbal predicate. Что я люблю… и чего не люблю…
- •Exercise 9. Define the function of the infinitive in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 10. Read the following text and analyse the infinitive in different syntactic functions. On Reading
- •Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into Russian, define the infinitive in different syntactic functions.
- •Exercise 12. Translate into English, using the infinitives in different syntactic functions.
- •Exercise 13. Identify the For-to- Constructions. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Exercise 14. Practice the For-to Construction after a noun phrase.
- •Exercise 15. Replace the following groups of sentences by a sentence with a for-phrase subject.
- •Exercise 16. Replace the following pairs of sentences by sentences with adverbial for-phrases of result.
- •Exercise 17. Complete the following sentences adding for-phrase to them.
- •Exercise 18. Define the functions of the for-phrase in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 19. Answer the following questions using the for-complex.
- •Exercise 20. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Exercise 21. Define the coc and translate the sentences into Russian. Use one proverb in the situation of your own.
- •Exercise 22. Paraphrase the following sentences using the coc.
- •Exercise 23. Replace the following simple sentences into the ones with the coc.
- •Exercise 24. Translate the verse into Russian underline the coc.
- •I saw dawn creep across the sky,
- •I saw the sea put on its dress
- •I heard the wind call out and say:
- •Exercise 25. Insert the infinitives in bracket in to the proper form.
- •Exercise 26. Analyse the structure of the co in the following sentences and explain the reasons of the absence of the structure in some sentences.
- •Exercise 27. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Exercise28. Complete the following sentences.
- •Exercise 29. Translate the sentences into English using the coc where necessary.
- •Exercise 31. Change the following sentences so that to use csc.
- •Exercise 32. Open the brackets and use the csc.
- •Exercise 33. Translate the following jokes with csc.
- •Exercise 34. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 35. Translate the following extracts from English, define the function of the infinitive.
- •Exercise 36. Translate the text given below, explain the functions of the infinitive.
- •Exercise 37. Translate from Russian into English using the infinitive in different syntactic functions.
- •Appendix
- •Contents
- •Список литературы.
- •Источники :
I see that you don't know this poem by heart.
I've noticed that you liked classical music.
Note 7: After the verb to hear implying "to learn", "to be told" a clause or a gerund is used - but not the Complex Object Construction.
e.g.: I hear that he left for the South, (of his having left for the South)
Я слышал (мне сказали), что он уехал на юг.
2). verbs of mental activity and declaring: know, think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, find, feel, trust, find, etc.-, declare, report, announce, pronounce, etc.
Note 1: After these verbs to be is widely used in the Complex Object Construction:
e. g. He knew himself to be old, yet he felt young; and this troubled him. (Galsworthy)
He declared him to be the most disobedient child in existence.
Note 2: With the verbs to think, to consider, to find the same idea can be expressed without an infinitive.
e. g. Faithfully he followed their customs, social and otherwise, and secretly he thought them a common lot. (Galsworthy) She found the subject rather interesting. (Dickens) You consider yourself an impressive person, eh? (Shaw)
Note 2: After verbs of mental activity and declaring the Perfect Infinitive can also be used.
e. g. The President announced the army forces to have got ready for military intrusion into Iraq. (The news) The doctor found his heart to have stopped two hours before. (Hardy)
Note 3: After the verb to know the infinitive usually requires the particle to, although with the perfect form of this verb, it is sometimes omitted, - probably,
under the influence of its synonym to see.
e.g.: I know him to be an honest person.
I've known him do (to do) such things = I've seen him do so.
3). verbs and expressions of feeling and emotion: like, dislike, love, hate, cannot bear, etc.
e. g. Would you like me to leave college and go into a dramatic school? He likes everyone to obey him without question and he hates any of us to contradict him.
4). causative verbs and verbs of order and permission: order, let, allow, suffer, have, make, cause, get, hаvе (заставлятъ, сказать, чтобы)
Note 1: Mind the bare infinitive after the verbs to make, to let, to have
e.g.: Welcome the task that makes you go beyond yourself.(F.McGee)
June made her lover take her on the top of the bus, saying she Wanted air, and, there sat silent, with her face to the breeze. (Galsworthy).
But if these verbs are in passive, the infinitive is used with the particle to.
e.g.: I was made to be awake all night and listen to the darkness of the garden.
Note 2: To have denotes permission only in negative sentences.
e.g.: " If 1 can clear it up 1 don't have my name mentioned",
said Holmes. '•
Note 3: After the verbs to order, to allow the Infinitive in the Complex object Construction is passive; with the infinitive in the Active form the Complex Object is broken
e.g.: He ordered the boy to be led to his room.
He allowed the papers to be kept till tomorrow. But: He ordered the boy to get out.
Such sentences carry two simple objects.
This restriction does not apply to suffer and have.
Note 4: The verb suffer followed by the Complex Object Construction denotes "to allow unwilling heart" (неохотно разрешить, позволить, скрепя сердце) -in affirmative sentences.
e.g. She suffered Mr. Franklin to lead her back into the room. (Collins) - Она позволила мистеру Франклину отвести себя обратно в комнату. In negative sentences suffer denotes "have" (допускать).
e. g. Miss Jemima could not suffer Becky to leave the Academy without a present. - Мисс Джемайма не могла допустить, чтобы Бекки уехала из пансиона без подарка. Не didn't suffer questions to be asked.
5) verbs of wish and intention: want, wish, desire, mean, intend, choose(=want), etc.
e. g. I desired him to display curiosity but Sir Stanford Nye was not going to display curiosity.
Part of me wished her to continue her train of thoughts.
I've always thought a hotel ought to offer optional small animals...
I mean a cat to sleep on your bed at night, or a dog of some kind to act pleased when you come in.
You ever notice how hotel room feels so lifeless? (Anne Tyler)
I don't choose you to go by yourself to a hotel. (Collins)
I want these Christmas gifts to be distributed among children.
6) verbs with prepositions for, on, upon: depend on, rely on(upon),wait for, long for, hope for.
e. g.: Can you rely upon him to make it all in time?
I rely upon you not to go over the opposition. (Dickens)
I hope for you to ring me up tomorrow.
