1 Ecology

2 Keeping our Environment clean

3 Pollution

4 Air pollution I

5 Air pollution II

6 Acid rain

7 Deforestation I

8 Deforestation II

9 The “Green house effect

10 Water pollution I

11 Water pollution II

12 Toxic waste pollution

13 Environmental movements

14 Environmental protection in Kazakhstan I

15 Environmental protection in Kazakhstan II

Since the very beginning of its existence (своего существования), the human being has been developing. It has never stopped, and it never will (никогда не будет). During the last couple of centuries (пару веков) it has been developing very aggressively, and it has reached tremendous achievements in all fields (достигла огромных успехов во всех областях). Unfortunately mankind has achieved tremendous success in polluting its environment also. Nowadays, nature is missing many of its inhabitants: – those who are supposed to be under the protection of humans as young brothers and sisters. Pollution was the reason for their extinction (вымирания). Finally, the humanity started paying (уделять) more attention to what surrounds it. It started thinking about the future, its future generations, and the inheritance ( наследования) to these generations. People have started asking themselves more often questions like, “What will we have left to other children after us?” Currently, humanity has plenty of global environmental problems that it has to take care of now. Tomorrow will be too late. Some of these global environmental problems are global warming, deforestation, freshwater contamination, destruction of ozone layer of the earth, pollution of space orbit of the earth by parts of used equipment.

Ecology

Ecology is a very popular word today. But what does it mean? Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet and the environment. This word came from Greek “oikos” which means home. The idea of home includes our whole planet, its population, Nature, animals, birds, fish, insets and all other living beings and even the atmosphere around our planet.

The term “ecology” was introduced into scientific language by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel. Ecology deals with the relationships of man and nature. Nowadays people do not respect nature at all. Unhappily, the story of man includes the careless killing of wildlife and the careless exploitation of natural resources, the pollution of rivers, streams, seas and lakes.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man giving everything he needs: air to breathe, food to eat, water to drink, wood for building and fuel for heating his home. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that the resources of nature had no end or limit. With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of steaming, polluting plants and factories can be found nowadays all over the world. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe the water we drink the fields where our crops are grown. That’s why those who live in cities prefer spending their days off and their holidays far from the noise of the city, to be closer to nature. Perhaps they like to breathe fresh air or to swim in clear water because the ecology is not so poor as in the cities.

Ecology is the study of the ways in which organisms (plants and animals) depend upon each other and upon their surroundings. Each organism requires conditions in order to be able to live and breed. These conditions are its environment by changing the ecological conditions.

Keeping our environment clean

We live on a very beautiful planet – on the Earth. Our planet has very rich resources: the bright blue of the sky, fresh, crystal-clear mountain lake water, the rich green of the mountains slopes, wild flower, picturesque views – all these sceneries of nature fill us with admiration.

That’s why those who live in cities prefer spending their days off and their holidays far from the noise of the city, to be closer to nature. Perhaps they like to breathe fresh air or to swim in clear water because the ecology is not as poor as in the cities.

Many years ago people lived in harmony with the environment because industry was not much developed. Now the situation is quite different. People all over the world cannot ignore the problem of the protection of the environment because of modem industry and the need for energy. Newspapers and magazines write a lot about water pollution, air pollution and land pollution. There are some laws and decisions on this important question. There are state organizations and international conventions which pay much attention to this problem.

Many parts of the world are crowded now, much of our waste, especially waste from factories, electric power stations, the chemical industry and heavy industry are very dangerous. Fish dies in the lakes, rivers and seas, forest trees die too.

People must cooperate in solving such questions. They ought to do such things as: create international ecological organizations avoid danger of tanker sinking‘and oil spilling into the sea preserve the purity of air by the means of transferring plants and fabrics out of cities introduce pollution control systems reduce noise by the means of reducing of the number of automobiles protect and increase the greenery, create green zones widely use purifying systems for cleaning and trapping harmful substances

Mass Media very often play a vital role in attraction of people to ecological problems. Different ecological programs are broadcast on TV and radio. Usually in TV programs participates a broad public. Also talk-shows pay attention to ecology in whole and ecological problems in special. Mass Media powerfully influences public opinion in general and ecology isn‘t an exception, because it‘s a serious matter. It can put into people‘s heads, that somewhere was an ecological catastrophe, but also it can inspire, that everything is O.K. and there is nothing to afraid of.

We hope, that people won‘t wait until it‘s too late and do every possible thing to save our PLANET.