Types of syllables

Closed

syllable

Open syllable

Vowel letters

a vowel

+ r

vowel

+ r + vowel

[ æ ]

bag

[ eI ]

may, make

A a

[ a ]

car

[ ə ]

care

[ e ]

pen

[ I: ]

bee, Pete

E e

[ ə ]

her

[ Iə ]

here

[ O ]

not

[ Oυ ]

no, rose

O o

[ O: ]

north

[ O: ]

more

[ ˄ ]

but

[ jυ: ]

due, cube

U u

[ ə: ]

turn

[ jυə ]

cure

[ I ]

little, gym

[ aI ]

time, cry

I, Y

[ ə: ]

bird, myrtle

[ aIə ]

wire, tyre

1. open syllable

[ eI ]

A a - close syllable

[ æ ]

blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sake, ale, hate

sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van

2. open syllable

[ I: ]

E e - close syllable

[ e ]

eve, me, mete, Pete, bee

net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men, ten, best, rest, step

3. open syllable

[ Oυ ]

O o - close syllable

[ O ]

so, no, stone, sole, zone, dome, nose, slope, rose, go

lot, stop, not, on, off, spot, odd, slot, doll, dot, soft

4. [ s ] before e, i, y

C c -

[ k ] before a, o, u;

at the end of a word

centre, space, 'sentence, cent

can, case, cor'rect, cone, cat

5. [g] before e, i, y

G g -

[ʤ] во всех остальных случаях

But: get [ gеt ], give [ gIV ], girl [ gq:l ]

gale, god, grim, 'gossip, glad, gas, got

page, gym, 'gypsy, 'gentle

6. Y y - [ j ] в начале слова

yes, yet, yell, yelp, yoke

7. открытый слог

[ aI ]

I, Y - закрытый слог

[ I ]

by, dye, my, tie, size, mine, fine, dive, style, pine, like, time, tyke, bye, dyke, type, life

if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system

8. открытый слог

[ jυ: ]

U u - [ υ: ] после r, l, j

закрытый слог

[ ˄ ]

cube, mule, use, Hume

June, junior, rude, brume,

But: busy [ bIzI ]

nut, but, cut, bus, sum, hug, luck, brush

9. ck - [ k ]

lick, lack, stick, nick, black, sack, deck, pack, clock, stuck

10. [ υ: ] перед m, l, n

oo -

[ υ ]

fool, spoon, soon, tool, pool, too, zoo

look, took, hook, good, brook, book, foot

11. j

dge - [ ʤ ]

just, June, jet, Jeff, Jam, Jack, jazz, jig

badge, lodge, bridge

12. sh - [ ʃ ]

she, shall, shop, ship, shape, fish, dish, fresh, ship

13. ch в словах англ.

происхождения

- [ tʃ]

tch

chest, check, inch, lynch, chap, chill, such, match, latch, ditch, catch, snatch, hatch, crutch , chop, chess, match

14. ee

- [ i: ]

ea

see, meat, feet, need, lead, sleep, deed, sea, feed, fleet, zeal, east, keep, feel, pea, deal, leaf, mean

15. ai

- [ eI ]

ay

pain, vain, mail, day, lain, may, pay, say, clay, aim, fail, sail, bay, lay, claim, plain

16. e, i, y - [ I ]

в безударном положении

'study, 'noisy, 'lobby, 'pony, 'sorry, 'lorry, 'duty, be'gin, di'vide

17. [ Ѳ ]

th -

[ ð ]

theme, thick, thin, depth, tenth, fifth

they, these, then, with, them, those, thus, this, that, father

18. o в безуд. полож.

a - [ ə ]

u

'sofa, 'comma, 'husband, pa'rade

a'gain, a'go, to'day, up'on

19. [ ks ]

x -

[gz] перед ударной гласной

next, text, sex, vex, box, ex'cept, ex'pect, 'excellent, tax

e'xam, e'xist, ex'ample, e'xact, e'xhibit

20. oi

- [ OI ]

oy

oil, point, boy, soil, noise, toy, coin, voice

21. kn - [ n ]

knee, knife, knock, knew, knell

22. ng - [ ᵑ ] в конце слова

nk - [ ᵑk ]

But: [ Ng ] 'single, 'finger, 'singular в середине слова

English, ring, thing, bring, ink bank, wing, wrong, hang, rang, drink, length, strength, think

23. qu - [ kω ]

quick, quiz, quite, quote, quit

24.

s, ss, sc - [ s ]

s - [ z ] между гласными

bus, sense, miss, scent

ease, tease, please, his, noise

25.

ea - [ e ] перед d, th

dead, bread, ready, feather, leather, head

But: break [ breIk ], great [ greIt ], steak [steIk ], create [ krI: 'eIt ]

26.

o - [ ˄ ] перед

m, n, th, v

'company, 'become, done, won, 'mother, glove, dove, some, 'cover, front, month, love, 'wonder, a'bove, 'other, come, 'money

27. ew

- [ jυ: ]

eu

new, few, knew, stew, mew, dew, pew, hew

neutral, feudal, 'Euclid, 'Eugene, 'Europe

28. i + ld, nd - [ əI ]

grind, be'hind, mild, kind, blind, wild, find But: gild [ gIld ], wind [ ωInd ], [ωaInd ]

29. igh - [ əI ]

fight, light, might, night, high, right, bright sight, tight, to'night

30. [ ∫ ] в словах

ch - франц. происх.

[ k ] в словах греч. происхождения

ma'chine, chef, Chi'cago, chimes,

chic, champagne [∫ æm'peIn ]

'scholar, chrome, chorus, chloride, 'architect, scheme, school

31. гласные в ударном слоге читаются как в открытом слоге перед согласной + le

'stable, 'title, 'able, 'idle, 'maple, 'Bible, 'sable

32. ph - [f] в словах греческого происхождения

'physics, phi'losophy, 'telephone, 'phrase, 'photo, 'photgraph, 'telegraph, 'alphabet, 'graphic

33. a + ff, th - [ a: ]

'father, 'bathroom, path

34. a + lm [ m]

a + lf [ f ]

[ a: ] - a + nce

a + nch

a + nt

palm, balm, salmon, calm

calf, half, halves

dance, glance, France, chance

ranch, branch

grant, plant, can’t, shan’t

35. ey

- [ eI ]

ei

grey, o'bey, they, veil

36. a + s + cогл. - [ a: ]

ask, task, fast, grasp, plaster, master, pass, class, task, grass, last, vast, last

37.

au

- [ o: ]

aw

'autumn, hawk, law, paw, draw, August, 'saucer, fault, dawn, maul, Paul, pawl, raw, saw, sawn, 'saunter, saucy, tawdry, taut, 'tawny, pause, vaunt, bawd, awful

38. lt

a - [ o: ] ll

lse

lk [ k ]

'Baltic, chalk, palsy, palter, talk, walk, waltz, altar, alter, 'altering, bald, balk, 'balsam, chalk, 'falcon, falter, halt, also, 'almost, all

39. oar - [ o:]

oar, boar, hoard, hoar, hoarse, coarse

40. au

+ gh - [ O: ]

ou

caught, fought, nought, brought, thought, taught, sought, 'naughty, draught, ought

41.

qua - [ kωo ]

'quadrant, quad, 'quadral, quaff, 'quadrate, 'quarrel, 'quality, 'quantity, quant, quart, quartz, quash, 'quarry

42. er

ir [ ə: ] в

yr ударном

ur слоге

herd, turn, skirt, sir, terse, dirty, serf, nerve, first, curd, purse, thirty, serf, girl, burst, spur, turtle, myrtle

43. eer

- [ Iə ]

ear

ere

cheer, beer, veer, steer, clear, ear, hear, near, fear, year, dear, queer, deer, dear, merely, mere, sere, here

But: were [ ωə ], [ ωə ]

44. ire

- [ aIə ]

yre

tired, mire, lyre, Shire, tyre, hire, sa'tire

45. ure - [ jυ:∂]

lure, pure, cure, en'dure, se'cure

46. oor - [ υə ]

moor, spoor, poor But: floor [ flL ], door [ dL ]

47. ar - [ o: ]

cart, hard, bar, large, yard, charm, harm, dark, star, bard, car

48. are - [ eə]

A + r + гласная

rare, hare, care, square, stare, share, spare, bare, scare But: are [a:]

49. air

- [ eə ]

eir

air, hair, fair, pair, chair, stair, dairy, fairy, their

50. or

- [ o:]

ore

cord, fork, score, port, sport, more, born, core, store, short, sort, forty, explore

51. wa - [ ωO ]

watch, want, wash, wand, wash, was, wander, water, walk

52. war - [ ωo: ]

war, ward, warn, warm, re'ward

53. wor - [ ωə ]

word, worse, world, worst, 'worship, 'network

54. ou - [ aυ ]

ow -[ oυ, əυ ]

[ au ] out, a'bout, round, town, ground, brown, pound, a'mount, gown, loud, down

[ Ou ] row, know, show, blow, throw, snow

55. our

• [ aυə ]

ower

our, flour, sour, flower

56. wr - [ r ]

wrist, wrench, wry, write, wrap, wrong

57. wh - [ ω ]

wh + o [ h ]

whine, why, wheel, whale, while, whim, wheat

whose [ hυz ], who [ hυ ], whom [ hυm ], whose [ hυz ]

58. после глух. согл. - [ s ]

окончание (e) s -

после звонк. согл., гласн.

[ z ]

после шипящих и свистящих [ Iz ]

ports, months, slopes, cases, forces, pages, chairs, rooms, cameras, borders

59. ea - [ e ]

перед sure [ ʒə ]

'leisure, 'pleasure, 'measure, 'treasure

But: sure [ʃuə], sugar [ʃυgə]

60. ture - [ tʃə ]

'picture, 'lecture, 'future, 'culture, 'nature, 'structure

61. ssian

tion

cian - [ ʃn ]

ssion

sion - [ ʒn ]

'nation, 'Russian, 'dictation, 'station, de'cision, 'action, di'vision, trans'lation

62. после звонк. согл., гласн. - [ d ]

ed - после глух. согл. - [ t ]

после t, d - [ Id ]

'mated, 'fainted, re'ferred, 'married, opp'ressed, 'sweeped, 'dropped, re'laxed, 'aired, 'entered, 'learned, di'vided

63. o + ld - [ Oυld ]

old, cold, fold, gold

64. ing - [ Iᵑ ]

ring, sing, planning