
(Available Forms Of Iron)
Oral
Tablets (regular and sustained release), capsules, elixirs,
suspensions, syrups, and drops
Prenatal products tend to contain 60 – 100 mg elemental
iron per tablet.
Chewable multivitamins with iron tend to contain 15 – 18
mg elemental iron per tablet.
Parenteral
Iron dextran (ferric hydroxide complexed to dextran)
Vitamin a
Available forms
Food: Either preformed vitamin A (liver) or as carotenoids
(carrots).
Vitamin Preparations: Multiple vitamins typically contain
5000 IU per dose
Poisoning Manifestations
Acute: Nausea, vomiting diarrhea, headache, drowsiness
irritability, and blurred vision. This is followed in 24-72
hours by extensive desquamation.
Chronic: Bone abnormalities (asynchronous growth,
exostoses , metaphyseal flares, epiphyseal premature
closures), hepatotoxicity, intracranial hypertension (blurred
vision, headaches, diplopia), hypercalcemia
Vitamin a
Toxic Dose
Acute Toxic Dose: >25,000 IU/kg
Chronic Toxic Dose: 25,000-50,000 IU/day for as few as
30 days.
Treatment
Supportive Care
Increased intracranial pressure
Daily lumbar puncture, 40 mg IV furosemide, 1 gram/kg of
mannitol, 250 mg acetazolamide QID, a short course of
prednisone
Hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics, IV fluids and prednisone (20 mg/day)
Preventing absorption
Activated charcoal, lavage, or ipecac syrup
Vitamin b3 (Niacin)
Available forms
Multiple vitamins typically contain 20-30 mg per dose
Poisoning Manifestations
Nausea, gastritis, and diarrhea. Severe flushing and
pruritus (prostaglandin mediated histamine release).
Chronic high dose associated with hyperuricemia, glucose
intolerance, and hepatotoxicity.
Toxic Dose
Acute Toxic Dose: 100 mg
Chronic Toxic Dose: 750 mg/day for several months
Treatment
Pre-treatment with aspirin
Vitamin b6 (Pryridoxine)
Available forms
Multiple vitamins typically contain 1-6 mg per dose. Also
available in 50-500 mg tablets and solution for injection
(100 mg/mL).
Poisoning Manifestations
Peripheral neuropathy (loss of proprioception and pain,
temperature, and vibratory sensations; loss of tendon
reflexes)
Toxic Dose
Acute Toxic Dose: 132 – 183 gram
Chronic Toxic Dose: 2-5 gram/day for several months
Treatment: Prevent absorption for massive
Ingestions
Vitamin c (Ascorbic Acid)
Available forms
Multiple vitamins typically contain 60 – 300 mg per dose.
Tablets, capsules and solutions for injection are also
available.
Poisoning Manifestations
Chronic high dose associated with diarrhea and urinary
nepholithiasis. Massive acute dose is associated with
nephropathy and renal failure.
Toxic Dose
Acute Toxic Dose: 40-50 grams IV
Chronic Toxic Dose: 2 grams/day for several months
Treatment: Hemodialysis if patients develop renal
failure/insufficiency